<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639</id><updated>2012-03-03T22:35:17.436+02:00</updated><category term='buddhism'/><category term='αρετές'/><category term='spanish'/><category term='control'/><category term='τρέλα'/><category term='νέοι'/><category term='γήρανση'/><category term='μη-ανάγνωση'/><category term='μήλα'/><category term='news'/><category term='ψυχιατρική'/><category term='απορία'/><category term='meaning'/><category term='μυστικά'/><category term='measurement'/><category term='πείραμα'/><category term='fairy tales'/><category term='διεθνές δίκαιο'/><category term='nature'/><category term='aliens'/><category 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term='Νορβηγία'/><category term='New York Times'/><category term='Japan'/><category term='EU'/><category term='Socrates'/><category term='Oscar'/><category term='κακό'/><category term='φυλακή'/><category term='ciencia'/><category term='crisis'/><category term='επανάσταση'/><category term='Commodore'/><category term='δόγμα'/><category term='capitalism'/><category term='Turing'/><category term='μετανάστες'/><category term='mind'/><category term='συναισθήματα'/><category term='media'/><category term='Σεστώφ'/><category term='εμπειρικά δεδομένα'/><category term='good-bad'/><category term='geology'/><category term='πολίτευμα'/><category term='διάστημα'/><category term='θεωρία'/><category term='consciousness'/><category term='δικαιοσύνη'/><category term='Γερμανία'/><category term='ενέργεια'/><category term='Ιαπωνία'/><category term='biologos'/><category term='state-religion separation'/><category term='USA'/><category term='evolution'/><category term='earthquake'/><category term='evidence'/><category term='καθήκον'/><category term='atheist jokes'/><category term='πίστη'/><category term='ηθική'/><category term='τυχαιότητα'/><category term='νόημα ζωής'/><category term='βιολογία'/><category term='συμπόνοια'/><category term='παραπληροφόρηση'/><category term='μηδενισμός'/><category term='διατροφή'/><category term='δογματισμός'/><category term='reproducibility'/><category term='Shestov'/><category term='ερμηνεία'/><category term='science'/><category term='Turkish'/><category term='ζωή'/><category term='ιός'/><category term='Islam'/><category term='τιμωρία'/><category term='κρίση'/><category term='pariah'/><category term='duty'/><category term='τεχνολογία'/><category term='limits of science'/><category term='intellectual people'/><category term='Belgium'/><category term='politics'/><category term='Κύρια Άρθρα'/><category term='Αγγλία'/><category term='communication'/><category term='προσωπικά δεδομένα'/><category term='journey'/><category term='terrorism'/><category term='interpretation'/><category term='στατιστική'/><category term='Germany'/><category term='country'/><category term='ειδικοί'/><category term='dogmatism'/><category term='harmonia philosophica addendum'/><category term='food'/><category term='religion teachings'/><category term='ταξίδι'/><category term='religion'/><category term='Νίτσε'/><category term='antinomies'/><category term='vote'/><category term='ΗΠΑ'/><category term='revolution'/><category term='fiction'/><category term='ντετερμινισμός'/><category term='progress'/><category term='άνθρωποι των γραμμάτων'/><category term='medicine'/><category term='money'/><title type='text'>Harmonia Philosophica</title><subtitle type='html'>A bi-lingual philosophy portal with science and religion philosophy articles and © Philosophy Wires against Science Dogmatism [author: Spiros Kakos] (en) / Μια δίγλωσση διαδικτυακή πύλη Φιλοσοφίας με άρθρα και © Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα εναντίον του επιστημονικού δογματισμού [συγγραφέας: Σπύρος Κάκος] (gr).</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>1149</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-5123903132438341965</id><published>2012-03-03T20:14:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2012-03-03T20:14:27.054+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='modern civilization'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='information'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='communication'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Pasta-shaped radio waves, lack of substance.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-lBOLcIegOBM/T1JffIGnatI/AAAAAAAAC_Y/Y2JAjGkQipo/s1600-h/twisted_radio_waves%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="twisted_radio_waves" border="0" alt="twisted_radio_waves" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-wSw4yET1DBk/T1JfgM2tJXI/AAAAAAAAC_g/oOSeBOngDaI/twisted_radio_waves_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="296" height="189"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-03-03]: Twisted radio waves offer more capacity for data transmission [source: &lt;a href="http://news.discovery.com/tech/radio-waves-twist-120302.html" target="_blank"&gt;web news&lt;/a&gt;]. More data, less quality in information. That is the motto of our modern era of “communication”!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-5123903132438341965?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/5123903132438341965/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/philosophy-wire-pasta-shaped-radio.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5123903132438341965'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5123903132438341965'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/philosophy-wire-pasta-shaped-radio.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Pasta-shaped radio waves, lack of substance.'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh4.ggpht.com/-wSw4yET1DBk/T1JfgM2tJXI/AAAAAAAAC_g/oOSeBOngDaI/s72-c/twisted_radio_waves_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-879410151117877003</id><published>2012-03-03T20:14:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-03-03T20:14:01.756+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='μοντέρνος πολιτισμός'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='πληροφορία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='επικοινωνία'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ραδιοκύμματα σπαγγέτι, έλλειψη ουσίας.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/--wuIBP9Woo0/T1JfV69tE_I/AAAAAAAAC_I/XvfrpIr7Fvc/s1600-h/6a00d8341bf67c53ef016302558e91970d-800wi%25255B5%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="6a00d8341bf67c53ef016302558e91970d-800wi" border="0" alt="6a00d8341bf67c53ef016302558e91970d-800wi" align="right" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-1mLXnK-bvOc/T1JfaNN-tXI/AAAAAAAAC_Q/mcGqaFs2lSA/6a00d8341bf67c53ef016302558e91970d-800wi_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="264" height="213"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-03-03]: Ελικοειδή ραδιοκύματα υπόσχονται μεγαλύτερη χωρητικότητα δεδομένων κατά τη μετάδοση [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/science-technology/article/?aid=1231184456" target="_blank"&gt;web news&lt;/a&gt;]. Περισσότερα δεδομένα, λιγότερη ουσία. Αυτή είναι η περίληψη της εποχής της “επικοινωνίας”!&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-879410151117877003?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/879410151117877003/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post_7793.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/879410151117877003'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/879410151117877003'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post_7793.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ραδιοκύμματα σπαγγέτι, έλλειψη ουσίας.'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-1mLXnK-bvOc/T1JfaNN-tXI/AAAAAAAAC_Q/mcGqaFs2lSA/s72-c/6a00d8341bf67c53ef016302558e91970d-800wi_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-8919431778486143681</id><published>2012-03-03T01:46:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-03-03T01:46:26.979+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sex'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='immortality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='free will'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='theory of evolution'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Immortal worms, Mortal humans, no sex?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-0uHps50KPuw/T1FbtRMw3PI/AAAAAAAAC-w/14C9uvI3jGo/s1600-h/E6AB291F6E6DFE7D71ED38EB7A1BE379%25255B2%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="E6AB291F6E6DFE7D71ED38EB7A1BE379" border="0" alt="E6AB291F6E6DFE7D71ED38EB7A1BE379" align="left" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-IyClzhSq2Fc/T1FbuFDMaDI/AAAAAAAAC-4/d5v_8FKS1pY/E6AB291F6E6DFE7D71ED38EB7A1BE379_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="244" height="183"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-03-03]: Worms which reproduce asexually seem to be able to sustain a divide-and-rebirth circle for “ever” [source: &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2012/feb/29/live-forever-immortal-worms" target="_blank"&gt;The Guardian&lt;/a&gt;]. Would you sacrifice sex for immortality? The funny thing is that most people would answer “No” to this question. And so the “evolved” human would lose the battle from a worm due to his “free” will…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-8919431778486143681?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/8919431778486143681/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/philosophy-wire-immortal-worms-mortal.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8919431778486143681'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8919431778486143681'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/philosophy-wire-immortal-worms-mortal.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Immortal worms, Mortal humans, no sex?'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-IyClzhSq2Fc/T1FbuFDMaDI/AAAAAAAAC-4/d5v_8FKS1pY/s72-c/E6AB291F6E6DFE7D71ED38EB7A1BE379_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-5348473075005389121</id><published>2012-03-03T01:45:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-03-03T01:45:33.376+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ελεύθερη βούληση'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='αθανασία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='θεωρία της εξέλιξης'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='σεξ'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Αθάνατα σκουλήκια, Θνητοί άνθρωποι, καθόλου σεξ;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-gjwFXyD3Gtw/T1FblWFKUeI/AAAAAAAAC-g/bFA0ssSusdA/s1600-h/Planarian-worms-008%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Planarian-worms-008" border="0" alt="Planarian-worms-008" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-QMfhfM-P9ZA/T1Fbmh5lVBI/AAAAAAAAC-o/wykfNUrcdUc/Planarian-worms-008_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="293" height="177"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-03-03]: Σκουλήκια που αναπαράγονται διαρούμενα και όχι με σεξ, φαίνεται να μπορούν να διαιρούνται επ’ “άπειρον” χωρίς πρόβλημα και κατά συνέπεια να μπορούν να ζουν ουσιαστικά για πάντα [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/science-technology/article/?aid=1231183806" target="_blank"&gt;in.gr&lt;/a&gt;]. Εσείς θα θυσιάζατε το σεξ για την αθανασία; Το αστείο είναι πως οι περισσότεροι θα απαντούσαν “όχι” σε αυτή την ερώτηση. Και έτσι ο “εξελιγμένος” άνθρωπος θα έχανε τη μάχη από ένα απλό σκουλήκι εξαιτίας της “ελεύθερης” βούλησης του…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-5348473075005389121?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/5348473075005389121/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post_03.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5348473075005389121'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5348473075005389121'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post_03.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Αθάνατα σκουλήκια, Θνητοί άνθρωποι, καθόλου σεξ;'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-QMfhfM-P9ZA/T1Fbmh5lVBI/AAAAAAAAC-o/wykfNUrcdUc/s72-c/Planarian-worms-008_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-1245671872290958145</id><published>2012-03-02T01:06:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2012-03-02T01:06:10.419+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Κύρια Άρθρα'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Main Articles'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='harmonia'/><title type='text'>Harmonia Philosophica Overview - Επισκόπηση</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xMrMjfXXA48/T1AAqqLZj_I/AAAAAAAAC-Y/sepwAdCZId0/s1600/RefBooks.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="267" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xMrMjfXXA48/T1AAqqLZj_I/AAAAAAAAC-Y/sepwAdCZId0/s320/RefBooks.gif" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Harmonia Philosophica philosophy portal aims at showing that silence is better than talking, irrational better than logic, intuition better than cold calculations. Thinking freely is more difficult than one can imagine; dogmatism is hidden even in the most "valid" scientific views. There is no "ultimate" truth and no "objective" reality. We are all humans creating our own cosmos as we think. A reconciliation of all different views is required if we are to see our self as it is - a luminous being which is an integral part of the One that Parmenides once visualized...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/11/harmonia-philosophica-main-articles.html" target="_blank"&gt;Main Articles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/religion-and-science-unification.html" target="_blank"&gt;Religion and Science Unification&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Η πύλη Harmonia Philosophica προσπαθεί να δείξει πως η σιωπή είναι καλύτερη από την ομιλία, το παράλογο καλύτερο από το λογικό, η διαίσθηση καλύτερη από τους ψυχρούς υπολογισμούς. Το να σκέφτεσαι ελεύθερα είναι πιο δύσκολο από όσο μπορείς να φανταστείς - ο δογματισμός κρύβεται παντού, ακόμα και στις πλέον "έγκυρες" επιστημονικές απόψεις. Δεν υπάρχει "απόλυτη" αλήθεια ή "αντικειμενική" πραγματικότητα. Είμαστε όλοι άνθρωποι που δημιουργούν τη δική τους πραγματικότητα καθώς σκέφτονται. Μια ενοποίηση όλων των διαφορετικών απόψεων είναι απαραίτητη αν θέλουμε να δούμε τον εαυτό μας όπως πραγματικά είναι: ένα φωτεινό πλάσμα το οποίο είναι αναπόσπαστο μέρος του Ενός που κάποτε οραματίστηκε ο Παρμενίδης...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/11/harmonia-philosophica-main-articles.html" target="_blank"&gt;Κύρια Άρθρα&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/blog-post.html" target="_blank"&gt;Φιλοσοφία της Επιστήμης και της Θρησκείας&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-1245671872290958145?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/1245671872290958145/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/harmonia-philosophica-overview.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1245671872290958145'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1245671872290958145'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/harmonia-philosophica-overview.html' title='Harmonia Philosophica Overview - Επισκόπηση'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xMrMjfXXA48/T1AAqqLZj_I/AAAAAAAAC-Y/sepwAdCZId0/s72-c/RefBooks.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-281934999902165466</id><published>2012-03-01T21:27:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-03-01T21:27:48.222+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='dogmatism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='reality'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='time'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='subjectivity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='dogma'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Venus, Time, Unicorn…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-pUulGXYDLgk/T0_NrUt58UI/AAAAAAAAC-I/jqixEmZdymk/s1600-h/Unicorn-under-the-moon-unicorns-4856279-1024-768%25255B3%25255D.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Unicorn-under-the-moon-unicorns-4856279-1024-768" border="0" alt="Unicorn-under-the-moon-unicorns-4856279-1024-768" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-rpslWZN1Wjc/T0_NskNnefI/AAAAAAAAC-Q/1we-gYkOV7Y/Unicorn-under-the-moon-unicorns-4856279-1024-768_thumb%25255B1%25255D.gif?imgmax=800" width="365" height="275"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-03-01]: The day in Venus has increased by 6.5 minutes in the last 16 Earth years [source: &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/science-technology/article/?aid=1231184258" target="_blank"&gt;in.gr&lt;/a&gt;]. Human creations, dust in the wind… Time “exists” as much as Unicorns exist inside our thoughts…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-281934999902165466?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/281934999902165466/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/philosophy-wire-venus-time-unicorn.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/281934999902165466'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/281934999902165466'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/philosophy-wire-venus-time-unicorn.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Venus, Time, Unicorn…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-rpslWZN1Wjc/T0_NskNnefI/AAAAAAAAC-Q/1we-gYkOV7Y/s72-c/Unicorn-under-the-moon-unicorns-4856279-1024-768_thumb%25255B1%25255D.gif?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-5698155675395926134</id><published>2012-03-01T21:26:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-03-01T21:26:29.180+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='χρόνος'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='πραγματικότητα'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='δόγμα'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='υποκειμενικότητα'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='δογματισμός'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Αφροδίτη, Χρόνος, Μονόκερως…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-ljQnZouMnKo/T0_NYAa2hOI/AAAAAAAAC94/rzemON2ab6I/s1600-h/licorne_03%25255B2%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="licorne_03" border="0" alt="licorne_03" align="left" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-I1qEnD7gvO4/T0_NY8oJ5hI/AAAAAAAAC-A/i2k0MzFhlWs/licorne_03_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="244" height="184"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-03-01]: Η διάρκεια της ημέρας στην Αφροδίτη φαίνεται πως έχει αυξηθεί κατά 6,5 λεπτά της ώρας τα τελευταία 16 Γήινα χρόνια [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/science-technology/article/?aid=1231184258" target="_blank"&gt;in.gr&lt;/a&gt;]. Κατασκευάσματα του ανθρώπου, σκόνη στον άνεμο… Όσο υπάρχει ο Μονόκερως άλλο τόσο “υπάρχει” και ο Χρόνος μέσα στη σκέψη μας…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-5698155675395926134?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/5698155675395926134/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post_01.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5698155675395926134'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5698155675395926134'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post_01.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Αφροδίτη, Χρόνος, Μονόκερως…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh4.ggpht.com/-I1qEnD7gvO4/T0_NY8oJ5hI/AAAAAAAAC-A/i2k0MzFhlWs/s72-c/licorne_03_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-317555165227779349</id><published>2012-03-01T02:10:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-03-01T02:10:49.660+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='philosophy wire'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='silence'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='harmony'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Life, harmony search, mystes…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-ZkeETrFroEc/T06-hDarfRI/AAAAAAAAC9Q/g3dy6ZJLoy8/s1600-h/pollock%252520j_1%25252C1950_lavender%252520mist%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="pollock j_1,1950_lavender mist" border="0" alt="pollock j_1,1950_lavender mist" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-t9yW9jQxJ34/T06-iB8bJ3I/AAAAAAAAC9Y/aPFDrsQ-_R4/pollock%252520j_1%25252C1950_lavender%252520mist_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="318" height="234"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-03-01]: You search for harmony in your life, but harmony is nowhere to be found. You search for harmony in the world, but harmony is nowhere to be found. Maybe you search in the wrong place after all… Did you try to look inside your self? Old mystes knew that gods talked when human remained silent…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Related article&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/12/value-of-silence-or-against-senses.html"&gt;The Value of Silence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-317555165227779349?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/317555165227779349/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/philosophy-wire-life-harmony-search.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/317555165227779349'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/317555165227779349'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/philosophy-wire-life-harmony-search.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Life, harmony search, mystes…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-t9yW9jQxJ34/T06-iB8bJ3I/AAAAAAAAC9Y/aPFDrsQ-_R4/s72-c/pollock%252520j_1%25252C1950_lavender%252520mist_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-827542586670085949</id><published>2012-03-01T02:05:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-03-01T02:09:54.246+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='αρμονία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='σιωπή'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='φιλοσοφικό τηλεγράφημα'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ζωή, η αναζήτηση της αρμονίας, μύστες…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-JWOvjMwdkXg/T069SLEicEI/AAAAAAAAC9A/dxdnSWOJTbs/abstract-art-4%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="abstract-art-4" border="0" alt="abstract-art-4" align="right" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-vAtmydDLNDc/T069Yop5Y5I/AAAAAAAAC9I/zFdPiVHC-UI/abstract-art-4_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="195" height="262"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-03-01]: Ψάχνεις για αρμονία στον κόσμο, αλλά η αρμονία δεν βρίσκεται πουθενά. Αναζητείς την αρμονία στη ζωή σου, αλλά μάταια. Τελικά μάλλον ψάχνεις σε λάθος μέρος… Έψαξες μέσα σου; Οι παλιοί μύστες γνώριζαν πως οι θεοί μιλούν όταν ο άνθρωπος σιωπά…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Σχετικό άρθρο&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/12/blog-post_26.html"&gt;Η Αξία της Σιωπής&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-827542586670085949?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/827542586670085949/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/827542586670085949'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/827542586670085949'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ζωή, η αναζήτηση της αρμονίας, μύστες…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-vAtmydDLNDc/T069Yop5Y5I/AAAAAAAAC9I/zFdPiVHC-UI/s72-c/abstract-art-4_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-5724913273316727769</id><published>2012-02-28T23:25:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-28T23:25:31.063+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='measurement'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='research funding'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='science'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Everest and the importance of important goals…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-dr4rWTA6flA/T01GRfxT6kI/AAAAAAAAC8A/MFjEAyh72hQ/s1600-h/Everest_%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Everest_" border="0" alt="Everest_" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-UHmbNyu-bpw/T01GScNs9ZI/AAAAAAAAC8I/XES2INCyNa4/Everest__thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="462" height="302"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-28]: The government of Nepal is seeking foreign help (in money and expertise) in order to measure the height of mount Everest [source: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17191400" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. A truly important goal to seek for something with a continuously changing height…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-5724913273316727769?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/5724913273316727769/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-everest-and-importance.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5724913273316727769'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5724913273316727769'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-everest-and-importance.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Everest and the importance of important goals…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh3.ggpht.com/-UHmbNyu-bpw/T01GScNs9ZI/AAAAAAAAC8I/XES2INCyNa4/s72-c/Everest__thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-2720523119127332540</id><published>2012-02-28T23:24:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-28T23:24:32.631+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='μέτρηση'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='χρηματοδότηση έρευνας'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='επιστήμη'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Έβερεστ και η σημασία των σημαντικών στόχων…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-dkFjNxM_SEM/T01GC47U6JI/AAAAAAAAC7w/64yIraY91jI/s1600-h/295306117%25255B4%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="295306117" border="0" alt="295306117" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-1jggSynIAIY/T01GD7FZbJI/AAAAAAAAC74/OjKYlxlSN4g/295306117_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="380" height="286"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-28]: Η κυβέρνηση του Νεπάλ αναζητεί ξένη βοήθεια (σε χρήματα και σε γνώση) για τη μέτρηση του ύψους του Έβερεστ [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17191400" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. Πολύ ουσιαστικός στόχος για ένα αντικείμενο του οποίου το ύψος αλλάζει συνεχώς…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-2720523119127332540?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/2720523119127332540/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_1191.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/2720523119127332540'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/2720523119127332540'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_1191.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Έβερεστ και η σημασία των σημαντικών στόχων…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-1jggSynIAIY/T01GD7FZbJI/AAAAAAAAC74/OjKYlxlSN4g/s72-c/295306117_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-8280028231072854483</id><published>2012-02-28T00:11:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-28T00:11:05.563+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='biology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='definition'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='theory of evolution'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Neanderthals, biology, Eskimos…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-2_vWJPW0-Bk/T0v_blJBMmI/AAAAAAAAC7Y/fFMBBBJQ1Uo/s1600-h/eskimo-igloo%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="eskimo-igloo" border="0" alt="eskimo-igloo" align="left" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-2f96rrOe47w/T0v_eBf0N-I/AAAAAAAAC7g/nz9pqKPDkVs/eskimo-igloo_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="290" height="190"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-28]: DNA analysis suggests most Neanderthals in western Europe died out as early as 50,000 years ago - thousands of years before our own species appeared [source: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17179608" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. Our… species? What exactly is our “species” ? How come we are of a different species than Neanderthals? Which differences constitute a different species? With the same logic, couldn’t someone say today that Caucasians are a different species than Eskimos?&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-8280028231072854483?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/8280028231072854483/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-neanderthals-biology.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8280028231072854483'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8280028231072854483'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-neanderthals-biology.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Neanderthals, biology, Eskimos…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh4.ggpht.com/-2f96rrOe47w/T0v_eBf0N-I/AAAAAAAAC7g/nz9pqKPDkVs/s72-c/eskimo-igloo_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-8131071390579165168</id><published>2012-02-28T00:09:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-28T00:09:56.083+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='βιολογία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ορισμός'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='θεωρία της εξέλιξης'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Νεάντερταλ, βιολογία, Εσκιμώοι…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-mUU6WFiL374/T0v_LgKzdfI/AAAAAAAAC7I/4BPJJmGOOBo/s1600-h/_58752549_c0103518-neanderthal_with_shell_ornament%25252C_artwork-spl%25255B2%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="_58752549_c0103518-neanderthal_with_shell_ornament,_artwork-spl" border="0" alt="_58752549_c0103518-neanderthal_with_shell_ornament,_artwork-spl" align="right" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-vB2XFFizvpY/T0v_MS9F23I/AAAAAAAAC7Q/FgD73gMEtTY/_58752549_c0103518-neanderthal_with_shell_ornament%25252C_artwork-spl_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="184" height="244"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-28]: Σύμφωνα με έρευνα, οι Νεάντερταλ είχαν εξαφανιστεί πριν εμφανιστεί το είδος μας (ήτοι οι Homo Sapiens) [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17179608" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. Ποιο είναι ακριβώς το… “είδος” μας; Γιατί είμαστε άλλο είδος από τους Νεάντερταλ; Ποιες διαφορές συνιστούν ένα διαφορετικό είδος; Δηλαδή με την ίδια λογική σήμερα οι Καυκάσιοι είναι άλλο είδος από τους Εσκιμώους;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-8131071390579165168?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/8131071390579165168/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_28.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8131071390579165168'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8131071390579165168'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_28.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Νεάντερταλ, βιολογία, Εσκιμώοι…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-vB2XFFizvpY/T0v_MS9F23I/AAAAAAAAC7Q/FgD73gMEtTY/s72-c/_58752549_c0103518-neanderthal_with_shell_ornament%25252C_artwork-spl_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-1925842871711431739</id><published>2012-02-27T01:58:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-27T01:58:07.615+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='disease'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='death'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='life'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='medicine'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Medicine, death, misunderstandings…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-h-ABF5Nimwo/T0rHC7GjjXI/AAAAAAAAC64/uiKe3OV0g9Y/s1600-h/Death_and_Life%25252C_1916%25255B2%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Death_and_Life,_1916" border="0" alt="Death_and_Life,_1916" align="right" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-rc8YQu1JaSU/T0rHDmy1IXI/AAAAAAAAC7A/EnO8tNPkV7Y/Death_and_Life%25252C_1916_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="244" height="218"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-27]: Research suggests that certain antipsychotic drugs may increase the risk of dying [source: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-17138683" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. But don’t we all die? Isn’t life itself the most dangerous “disease” with 100% mortality?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-1925842871711431739?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/1925842871711431739/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-medicine-death.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1925842871711431739'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1925842871711431739'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-medicine-death.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Medicine, death, misunderstandings…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-rc8YQu1JaSU/T0rHDmy1IXI/AAAAAAAAC7A/EnO8tNPkV7Y/s72-c/Death_and_Life%25252C_1916_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-3935829138565405352</id><published>2012-02-27T01:57:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-27T01:57:24.986+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='αρρώστια'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ιατρική'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='θάνατος'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ζωή'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Φάρμακα, θάνατος, παρεξηγήσεις…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-3LIWjIK-6ss/T0rG4I8e8eI/AAAAAAAAC6o/repugtimZ0k/s1600-h/60E6E7D8-FF2E-4CE2-8408-116A1059F2C2%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="60E6E7D8-FF2E-4CE2-8408-116A1059F2C2" border="0" alt="60E6E7D8-FF2E-4CE2-8408-116A1059F2C2" align="left" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2RkRFFg9rcQ/T0rG46GAHgI/AAAAAAAAC6w/_xgpsswH1V4/60E6E7D8-FF2E-4CE2-8408-116A1059F2C2_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="193" height="244"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-27]: Έρευνα δείχνει πως συγκεκριμένα αντιψυχωτικά φάρμακα ίσως αυξάνουν τον κίνδυνο θανάτου [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-17138683" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. Όμως… δεν θα πεθάνουμε όλοι; Δεν είναι η ίδια η ζωή μια “αρρώστια” με 100% θνησιμότητα;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-3935829138565405352?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/3935829138565405352/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_27.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3935829138565405352'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3935829138565405352'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_27.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Φάρμακα, θάνατος, παρεξηγήσεις…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2RkRFFg9rcQ/T0rG46GAHgI/AAAAAAAAC6w/_xgpsswH1V4/s72-c/60E6E7D8-FF2E-4CE2-8408-116A1059F2C2_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-8687085180989730919</id><published>2012-02-26T16:59:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-26T17:01:13.221+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='art'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='movies'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='subjectivity'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oscar'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Oscars, Clooney, Subjectivity…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-xqCYksHkACw/T0pIebkeD4I/AAAAAAAAC44/VdBXpKJj8TQ/s1600-h/image_thumb%25255B1%25255D%25255B3%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image_thumb[1]" border="0" alt="image_thumb[1]" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-mp51-jnqpmQ/T0pIfsstGpI/AAAAAAAAC5A/Yhx6y_QQQKU/image_thumb%25255B1%25255D_thumb.png?imgmax=800" width="339" height="206"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-26]: Oscars are getting closer and closer. And movie critics once more use subjectivity to judge movies and actors. The example of Clooney being a favorite for the First Male Role Oscar is the best example of them all. Although it is true that most things in art are subjective, some can be truly objective… And one of those things is the fact that Clooney does not act. Observe below the grandeur of the “I continuously have a stupid look in my face” want-to-be-an-actor…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-lKFI71tBjGM/T0pIg3XNBTI/AAAAAAAAC5I/nt1OOOfiU2w/s1600-h/image_thumb%25255B2%25255D%25255B2%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image_thumb[2]" border="0" alt="image_thumb[2]" align="left" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-v0N5kwVljFg/T0pIiAvvvuI/AAAAAAAAC5Q/qOsvkvvgslU/image_thumb%25255B2%25255D_thumb.png?imgmax=800" width="244" height="176"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-QNC9SjTX77o/T0pIjeSEsNI/AAAAAAAAC5Y/y2pPJrOXbC0/s1600-h/image_thumb%25255B3%25255D%25255B2%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto; padding-top: 0px" title="image_thumb[3]" border="0" alt="image_thumb[3]" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-YV-EXMkEt-4/T0pIk--iqEI/AAAAAAAAC5g/8biTOvwjHac/image_thumb%25255B3%25255D_thumb.png?imgmax=800" width="244" height="165"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-mgSVy4hkJzQ/T0pIl93aNRI/AAAAAAAAC5o/LreOZfD8MPM/s1600-h/image_thumb%25255B4%25255D%25255B2%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image_thumb[4]" border="0" alt="image_thumb[4]" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-jZA18EGyRNI/T0pInKMYkPI/AAAAAAAAC5w/g2cDfo5KzlE/image_thumb%25255B4%25255D_thumb.png?imgmax=800" width="244" height="185"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-2QbtzSUOEZ0/T0pIoz-mKiI/AAAAAAAAC54/sJiZvD7X3RQ/s1600-h/image_thumb%25255B5%25255D%25255B2%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto; padding-top: 0px" title="image_thumb[5]" border="0" alt="image_thumb[5]" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-dXEoUo76MZo/T0pIqEhoGUI/AAAAAAAAC6A/sXV0FR7mZ2o/image_thumb%25255B5%25255D_thumb.png?imgmax=800" width="244" height="193"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-8FbhVncz_RE/T0pJMtlTpFI/AAAAAAAAC6Y/iJyz1y_9h7w/s1600-h/image_thumb8%25255B3%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; border-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image_thumb8" border="0" alt="image_thumb8" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-qven9k3MaYU/T0pJN8HBTQI/AAAAAAAAC6g/jWWEHDiIWLs/image_thumb8_thumb.png?imgmax=800" width="390" height="308"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;Is this is considered worthy of qualifying to the Oscars, then everything is lost in the struggle many have fought to find objective criteria for art… Everything is Art!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-8687085180989730919?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/8687085180989730919/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-oscars-clooney.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8687085180989730919'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8687085180989730919'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-oscars-clooney.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Oscars, Clooney, Subjectivity…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-mp51-jnqpmQ/T0pIfsstGpI/AAAAAAAAC5A/Yhx6y_QQQKU/s72-c/image_thumb%25255B1%25255D_thumb.png?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-7720995522341009815</id><published>2012-02-26T16:56:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-26T17:00:33.032+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='τέχνη'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Oscar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='υποκειμενικότητα'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ταινίες'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Οσκαρ, Κλούνεϊ, Υποκειμενικότητα…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Fs6OTGLVamA/T0pHy5PauII/AAAAAAAAC3Q/JGxXUVH8X-I/s1600-h/image%25255B3%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-ng5A-BxavnA/T0pH0Sbn2KI/AAAAAAAAC3Y/3H2gqPU0WNA/image_thumb%25255B1%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="339" height="206"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-26]: Τα Όσκαρ πλησιάζουν. Και οι κριτικοί κινηματογράφου για άλλη μια φορά κρίνουν με υποκειμενικότητα. Το γεγονός ότι ο Κλούνεϊ (Clooney) είναι φαβορί για το Όσκαρ Πρώτου Ανδρικού Ρόλου είναι ενδεικτικό. Η υποκειμενικότητα είναι πράγματι κυρίαρχη στην τέχνη. Ωστόσο μερικά πράγματα είναι αντικειμενικά. Ένα από αυτά είναι το ότι ο Κλούνεϊ δεν παίζει. Παρατηρείστε παρακάτω το μεγαλείο του ηθοποιού “έχω συνέχεια το ΙΔΙΟ ηλίθιο βλέμμα”…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-4PfwB41Iy2o/T0pH2vYqwPI/AAAAAAAAC3g/vqjIoNf_zVw/s1600-h/image%25255B6%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" align="left" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Ad0sCQyeiCE/T0pH4HFWwrI/AAAAAAAAC3o/lfWdbYrl6T4/image_thumb%25255B2%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="244" height="176"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-o4nFhSIRTEo/T0pH65muVrI/AAAAAAAAC3w/0KIgKdpeKIk/s1600-h/image%25255B9%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto; padding-top: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-J7KpOZzu5cU/T0pH8E9biNI/AAAAAAAAC34/Oa67aOJz4OI/image_thumb%25255B3%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="244" height="165"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-KecZnkD7PRk/T0pH9IFlZQI/AAAAAAAAC4A/RssEk-g4MkU/s1600-h/image%25255B12%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-KX3FdFbqWqk/T0pH-iYua5I/AAAAAAAAC4I/20e05YCelKI/image_thumb%25255B4%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="244" height="185"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-XQ2NsvI0v_c/T0pIAQr3QXI/AAAAAAAAC4Q/6s9Z9ZPEpI4/s1600-h/image%25255B15%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto; padding-top: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-pRKJQe2m0S0/T0pIB0_mUBI/AAAAAAAAC4Y/vh55kErCEKk/image_thumb%25255B5%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="244" height="193"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-iU1_wDaXCTQ/T0pIDinBnrI/AAAAAAAAC4w/qsxmQ2-Rgag/s1600-h/image%25255B20%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto; padding-top: 0px" title="image" border="0" alt="image" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-84_ihjg2Ebg/T0pIEhYc8HI/AAAAAAAAC40/K-ObLp6ZeZs/image_thumb%25255B8%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="390" height="308"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;Αν αυτό το πράγμα κριθεί ως το καλύτερο παράδειγμα ηθοποιΐας, πολλά θα έχουν χαθεί στον αγώνα που μερικοί κάνουν για αντικειμενικότητα στην Τέχνη… Αν κανένα κριτήριο δεν μπορεί να φιλτράρει αυτό το ηλίθιο βλέμμα από το να φτάσει στα Όσκαρ, τότε όλα είναι χαμένα…&amp;nbsp; Όλα είναι Τέχνη!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-7720995522341009815?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/7720995522341009815/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_26.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/7720995522341009815'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/7720995522341009815'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_26.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Οσκαρ, Κλούνεϊ, Υποκειμενικότητα…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh3.ggpht.com/-ng5A-BxavnA/T0pH0Sbn2KI/AAAAAAAAC3Y/3H2gqPU0WNA/s72-c/image_thumb%25255B1%25255D.png?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-8831876521897469219</id><published>2012-02-25T02:17:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-25T02:17:14.030+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='nature'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='human'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Children, sex change, Nature, nature…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-cwgd-ub_aVM/T0gof4SJ2vI/AAAAAAAAC24/XpyPp67I8TE/s1600-h/25825_1444760198817_1227491140_31320250_3007079_n_large%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="25825_1444760198817_1227491140_31320250_3007079_n_large" border="0" alt="25825_1444760198817_1227491140_31320250_3007079_n_large" align="right" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-5mSqZRQ8zYg/T0goh4sEi2I/AAAAAAAAC3A/f8AFMLXH3cg/25825_1444760198817_1227491140_31320250_3007079_n_large_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="203" height="244"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-25]: More and more children are subjected to hormone therapy for sex change in the US [source: &lt;a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-ap-us-med-transgenderch,0,4066923.story" target="_blank"&gt;Chicago Tribune&lt;/a&gt;]. Can a child “know” its nature better than… nature?&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-8831876521897469219?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/8831876521897469219/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-children-sex-change.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8831876521897469219'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/8831876521897469219'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-children-sex-change.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Children, sex change, Nature, nature…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh4.ggpht.com/-5mSqZRQ8zYg/T0goh4sEi2I/AAAAAAAAC3A/f8AFMLXH3cg/s72-c/25825_1444760198817_1227491140_31320250_3007079_n_large_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-564441640083992234</id><published>2012-02-25T02:15:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-25T02:15:54.297+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='άνθρωπος'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='φύση'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Παιδιά, αλλαγή φύλου, Φύση, φύση…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-p63Ty1O7B1c/T0goNPoEYQI/AAAAAAAAC2o/f3pYHZlBEaI/s1600-h/RicoBlanco_01%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="RicoBlanco_01" border="0" alt="RicoBlanco_01" align="left" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Em9MgXzEHZI/T0goOC08qcI/AAAAAAAAC2w/lEs8Tm4eiQY/RicoBlanco_01_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="185" height="244"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-25]: Ολοένα και περισσότερα παιδιά υποβάλλονται στις ΗΠΑ σε ορμονική θεραπεία για αλλαγή φύλου [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/science-technology/article/?aid=1231183422" target="_blank"&gt;web news&lt;/a&gt;]. Μπορεί ένα παιδί να ξέρει καλύτερα από τη Φύση τη… φύση του;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-564441640083992234?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/564441640083992234/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_25.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/564441640083992234'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/564441640083992234'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_25.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Παιδιά, αλλαγή φύλου, Φύση, φύση…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Em9MgXzEHZI/T0goOC08qcI/AAAAAAAAC2w/lEs8Tm4eiQY/s72-c/RicoBlanco_01_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-4341167628545464636</id><published>2012-02-24T00:31:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-24T00:31:24.443+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='dogmatism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='astrology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='irrational'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='astronomy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='physics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='against common logic'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: AstroLogy. More… “logical” butterfly than you believe?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-GAN4N2ZPftw/T0a-N2e8hGI/AAAAAAAAC2Y/-ykiwoLjLXo/s1600-h/307f35b54f789549fd436618fe8e%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="307f35b54f789549fd436618fe8e" border="0" alt="307f35b54f789549fd436618fe8e" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-06ziG3AXEvk/T0a-OvOdBsI/AAAAAAAAC2g/xGR4uvIRhUI/307f35b54f789549fd436618fe8e_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="344" height="252"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-24]: Jupiter, Venus and the Moon are getting “ready” for a conjunction in the sky [source: &lt;a href="http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/1135684--venus-jupiter-crescent-moon-align-for-triple-treat-for-stargazers" target="_blank"&gt;web news&lt;/a&gt;]. It is funny. We mock astrologers of the past for believing that planets affect us and yet we find it very “logical” to believe that a butterfly can affect the whole planet with its flying…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-4341167628545464636?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/4341167628545464636/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-astrology-more-logical.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/4341167628545464636'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/4341167628545464636'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-astrology-more-logical.html' title='Philosophy Wire: AstroLogy. More… “logical” butterfly than you believe?'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-06ziG3AXEvk/T0a-OvOdBsI/AAAAAAAAC2g/xGR4uvIRhUI/s72-c/307f35b54f789549fd436618fe8e_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-895877704462760644</id><published>2012-02-24T00:30:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-24T00:30:48.398+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='αστρονομία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='φυσική'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='αστρολογία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='παράλογο'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='εναντίον της κοινής λογικής'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='δογματισμός'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: ΑστροΛογία. Πιο… “λογική” πεταλούδα από όσο πιστεύεις;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-xC2APdlzNiw/T0a-EsfUTYI/AAAAAAAAC2I/E6UzfbJgEZA/s1600-h/GALAXY%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="GALAXY" border="0" alt="GALAXY" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-udetHLPuamw/T0a-FqMeU3I/AAAAAAAAC2Q/9jqYPv8c1x8/GALAXY_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="438" height="196"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-24]: Ο Δίας, η Αφροδίτη και η Σελήνη ετοιμάζονται για μια σπάνια συνάντηση στον ουρανό [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/science-technology/article/?aid=1231183235" target="_blank"&gt;web news&lt;/a&gt;]. Είναι αλήθεια περίεργο. Κοροιδεύουμε τους αστρολόγους που παλιά πιστεύαν ότι οι πλανήτες μας επηρεάζουν, ωστόσο είμαστε έτοιμοι να δεχθούμε πως μια πεταλούδα μπορεί με το πέταγμα της να επηρεάσει ολόκληρο πλανήτη…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-895877704462760644?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/895877704462760644/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_24.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/895877704462760644'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/895877704462760644'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_24.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: ΑστροΛογία. Πιο… “λογική” πεταλούδα από όσο πιστεύεις;'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh3.ggpht.com/-udetHLPuamw/T0a-FqMeU3I/AAAAAAAAC2Q/9jqYPv8c1x8/s72-c/GALAXY_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-6254264833224924155</id><published>2012-02-22T20:53:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-22T20:53:12.048+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='journalists'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Dead journalists. Expected result or “news” ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-8045aQW1dnQ/T0U5i-R2RTI/AAAAAAAAC1w/Xo4nrceBFa0/s1600-h/Press-ithinkedcom%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Press-ithinkedcom" border="0" alt="Press-ithinkedcom" align="right" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-5NH_dGy6iNc/T0U5ljSMpvI/AAAAAAAAC14/7TsE7wRwUok/Press-ithinkedcom_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="240" height="185"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-22]: Two western journalists die in Syria [source: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17124786" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. Let us all now discuss about that very important matter and forget about all other anonymous non-western people dying over the world every passing minute… Being a journalist in a war zone entails danger. So why is the expected breaking “news”?&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-6254264833224924155?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/6254264833224924155/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-dead-journalists.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/6254264833224924155'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/6254264833224924155'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-dead-journalists.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Dead journalists. Expected result or “news” ?'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh4.ggpht.com/-5NH_dGy6iNc/T0U5ljSMpvI/AAAAAAAAC14/7TsE7wRwUok/s72-c/Press-ithinkedcom_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-7885405445429511485</id><published>2012-02-22T20:51:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-22T20:51:42.226+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='δημοσιογράφοι'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Νεκροί δημοσιογράφοι. Αναμενόμενο ή “είδηση”;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2nG-cEtPqrA/T0U5NljSFJI/AAAAAAAAC1g/I554BvcFrfI/s1600-h/journalist3%25255B2%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="journalist3" border="0" alt="journalist3" align="left" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-9QyoloaUEQw/T0U5Oo_0qbI/AAAAAAAAC1o/-YFIx10CS8U/journalist3_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="202" height="244"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-22]: Δύο δυτικοί δημοσιογράφοι πέθαναν στη Συρία [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-17124786" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. Ας ασχοληθούμε όλοι με το ζήτημα και ας ξεχάσουμε όλους τους ανώνυμους μη-δυτικούς που πεθαίνουν παντού στον κόσμο κάθε λεπτό που μιλάμε… Το να είσαι δημοσιογράφος σε εμπόλεμη ζώνη περιλαμβάνει και κινδύνους. Γιατί λοιπόν είναι “είδηση” αυτό που είναι “αναμενόμενο”;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-7885405445429511485?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/7885405445429511485/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_8270.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/7885405445429511485'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/7885405445429511485'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_8270.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Νεκροί δημοσιογράφοι. Αναμενόμενο ή “είδηση”;'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh4.ggpht.com/-9QyoloaUEQw/T0U5Oo_0qbI/AAAAAAAAC1o/-YFIx10CS8U/s72-c/journalist3_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-6573215351726231173</id><published>2012-02-22T00:41:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-22T00:41:04.388+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Greece'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Why *&amp;&amp;*^#$#* Greeks should be proud…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-y5tcPLFur_c/T0QdeqCTrMI/AAAAAAAAC0Y/OsLLHmM4h3k/s1600-h/539w%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="539w" border="0" alt="539w" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-mjn38_cB7PU/T0Qdf_gqrHI/AAAAAAAAC0g/vBr7DnC1FX8/539w_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="314" height="208"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-22]: Greece is the first producer of farmed fish in the Mediterranean. Cine Thision in Athens is voted as the best movie theater in the world in CNN (not on;y for the view but also for the very good quality of movies played) [source: &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/culture/article/?aid=1231182749" target="_blank"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/science-technology/article/?aid=1231149768" target="_blank"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030546" target="_blank"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]... There are things we Greeks can be proud of. We are just too %*$%#*$%**&amp;amp;^ to know it…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-6573215351726231173?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/6573215351726231173/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-why-greeks-should-be.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/6573215351726231173'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/6573215351726231173'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-why-greeks-should-be.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Why *&amp;amp;&amp;amp;*^#$#* Greeks should be proud…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-mjn38_cB7PU/T0Qdf_gqrHI/AAAAAAAAC0g/vBr7DnC1FX8/s72-c/539w_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-656137306588364740</id><published>2012-02-22T00:40:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-22T00:40:38.554+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ελλάδα'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Γιατί να είναι οι *&amp;#$%#* Έλληνες υπερήφανοι…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-5pYPXJ6a5rQ/T0QdYItz1XI/AAAAAAAAC0I/XnSHonh0nhQ/s1600-h/Greece-Excel-Maritime-Announces-Four-Charter-Agreements%25255B4%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Greece-Excel-Maritime-Announces-Four-Charter-Agreements" border="0" alt="Greece-Excel-Maritime-Announces-Four-Charter-Agreements" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-_Pw85cLn0V4/T0QdZItQoaI/AAAAAAAAC0Q/nzpudjcfeTk/Greece-Excel-Maritime-Announces-Four-Charter-Agreements_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="284" height="200"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-22]: Η Ελλάδα είναι η πρώτη παραγωγός χώρα σε ψάρια από ιχθυοκαλλιέργειες στη Μεσόγειο. Ο κινηματογράφος Θησείο επιλέγεται από το CNN ως ο καλύτερος κινηματογράφος στον κόσμο (όχι μόνο για τη θέα αλλά και για την πολύ καλή επιλογή ταινιών) [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/culture/article/?aid=1231182749" target="_blank"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://news.in.gr/science-technology/article/?aid=1231149768" target="_blank"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030546" target="_blank"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]... Υπάρχουν πράγματα για τα οποία εμείς οι Έλληνες μπορούμε να είμαστε υπερήφανοι. Απλά είμαστε πολύ &lt;a href="mailto:*&amp;amp;*&amp;amp;^#$@%^$"&gt;*&amp;amp;*&amp;amp;^#$@%^$&lt;/a&gt;** για να το ξέρουμε…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Σχετικό άρθρο&lt;/strong&gt;: &lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/10/blog-post_3985.html"&gt;Ελλάδα - Αρετές παραγνωρισμένες...&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-656137306588364740?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/656137306588364740/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_22.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/656137306588364740'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/656137306588364740'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_22.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Γιατί να είναι οι *&amp;amp;#$%#* Έλληνες υπερήφανοι…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-_Pw85cLn0V4/T0QdZItQoaI/AAAAAAAAC0Q/nzpudjcfeTk/s72-c/Greece-Excel-Maritime-Announces-Four-Charter-Agreements_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-3979380083453700401</id><published>2012-02-20T23:17:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-20T23:17:03.620+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='biology'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='death'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='life'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='definition'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: 30,000 years “dead”, but alive ?!?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-_R_Ph_s1ENY/T0K4SqThZvI/AAAAAAAACz4/mSfu7_R2j50/s1600-h/250px-Blacksquirrelrev%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="250px-Blacksquirrelrev" border="0" alt="250px-Blacksquirrelrev" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-QViiG9qUvSI/T0K4TdpvByI/AAAAAAAAC0A/2hgDuBJT-tc/250px-Blacksquirrelrev_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="260" height="189"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-20]: Russian scientists managed to grow plants from fruits stored in permafrost by squirrels 30,000 years ago [source: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17100574" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. If 30,000 years are not enough, then it seems that dying is too vaguely defined by modern science…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-3979380083453700401?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/3979380083453700401/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-30000-years-dead-but.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3979380083453700401'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3979380083453700401'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-30000-years-dead-but.html' title='Philosophy Wire: 30,000 years “dead”, but alive ?!?'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh3.ggpht.com/-QViiG9qUvSI/T0K4TdpvByI/AAAAAAAAC0A/2hgDuBJT-tc/s72-c/250px-Blacksquirrelrev_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-2663606887059076228</id><published>2012-02-20T23:15:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-20T23:15:45.039+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='βιολογία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ορισμός'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='θάνατος'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ζωή'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: “Πεθαμένος” 30,000 χρόνια, αλλά ζωντανός;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-9H6Pk7e8tyA/T0K3-FPNmGI/AAAAAAAACzo/gva_FwObT3c/s1600-h/_58611455_z9180332-arctic_ground_squirrel_sounds_alarm_call-spl%25255B2%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="_58611455_z9180332-arctic_ground_squirrel_sounds_alarm_call-spl" border="0" alt="_58611455_z9180332-arctic_ground_squirrel_sounds_alarm_call-spl" align="right" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-hnie5BOKAqk/T0K3_cbWTMI/AAAAAAAACzw/AoEYL66P08s/_58611455_z9180332-arctic_ground_squirrel_sounds_alarm_call-spl_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="184" height="244"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-20]: Ρώσοι επιστήμονες κατάφεραν να αναπτύξουν φυτά από σπόρους φρούτων που είχαν αποθηκεύσει σκίουροι στον πάγο 30,000 χρόνια πριν [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17100574" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. Αν 30,000 χρόνια δεν αρκούν, ίσως ο θάνατος δεν έχει οριστεί και πολύ καλά από τη σύγχρονη επιστήμη…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-2663606887059076228?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/2663606887059076228/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/30000.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/2663606887059076228'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/2663606887059076228'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/30000.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: “Πεθαμένος” 30,000 χρόνια, αλλά ζωντανός;'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-hnie5BOKAqk/T0K3_cbWTMI/AAAAAAAACzw/AoEYL66P08s/s72-c/_58611455_z9180332-arctic_ground_squirrel_sounds_alarm_call-spl_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-5034147039289486198</id><published>2012-02-20T00:11:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-20T00:11:07.009+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='γράψιμο'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Γραφή'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ιστορία'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ηλεκτρονικά εργαλεία για διάσωση γλωσσών… Γιατί να ενοχλούμαστε;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-ie2Qpq2__Tw/T0Fzcx7Fa1I/AAAAAAAACzM/pZQGO-02q58/s1600-h/_58571856_58571855%25255B2%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="_58571856_58571855" border="0" alt="_58571856_58571855" align="left" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-1xfBDD7yNGA/T0FzeC2o5HI/AAAAAAAACzU/hG7vc5-Q-DE/_58571856_58571855_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="170" height="244"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-20]: Υπάρχουν πολλά τεχνολογικά εργαλεία που βοηθούν στη διατήρηση γλωσσών που κινδυνεύουν με εξαφάνιση, όπως ηλεκτρονικά λεξικά, εφαρμογές και λοιπά [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17081573" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. Για ποιο λόγο όμως να έχεις τέτοιες εφαρμογές αν οι άνθρωποι που μιλούν τη γλώσσα έχουν πεθάνει όλοι;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-5034147039289486198?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/5034147039289486198/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_20.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5034147039289486198'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5034147039289486198'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_20.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ηλεκτρονικά εργαλεία για διάσωση γλωσσών… Γιατί να ενοχλούμαστε;'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-1xfBDD7yNGA/T0FzeC2o5HI/AAAAAAAACzU/hG7vc5-Q-DE/s72-c/_58571856_58571855_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-6295368105380899870</id><published>2012-02-20T00:10:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-20T00:10:09.545+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='writting'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Written Language'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='history'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Digital tools to save languages… Why bother?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-YEa-_7Yg-Hg/T0FzOiw-bWI/AAAAAAAACy8/hukY_Pz27f4/s1600-h/_58571856_58571855%25255B2%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="_58571856_58571855" border="0" alt="_58571856_58571855" align="right" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-jb-UT7oP0VU/T0FzPpkR4LI/AAAAAAAACzE/NmkKNxbV4TE/_58571856_58571855_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="170" height="244"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-20]: There are many technological tools which help preserve languages which are on the verge of extinction, like electronic dictionaries, applications et cetera [source: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17081573" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. But why bother having such applications of all the people speaking that language are dead?&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-6295368105380899870?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/6295368105380899870/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-digital-tools-to-save.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/6295368105380899870'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/6295368105380899870'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-digital-tools-to-save.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Digital tools to save languages… Why bother?'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-jb-UT7oP0VU/T0FzPpkR4LI/AAAAAAAACzE/NmkKNxbV4TE/s72-c/_58571856_58571855_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-3253309134118832717</id><published>2012-02-19T05:57:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-19T05:57:32.526+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='hypocricy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='modern civilization'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Houston, necrophilia, modern civilization…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-pZih7_LdnOg/T0BzJ4DjA4I/AAAAAAAACys/tJJprr9gBuM/s1600-h/gty_whitney_houston_searches_nt_120214_wg%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="gty_whitney_houston_searches_nt_120214_wg" border="0" alt="gty_whitney_houston_searches_nt_120214_wg" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-wiFN-66Ytos/T0BzKpv23tI/AAAAAAAACyw/gJRnhOv2H_k/gty_whitney_houston_searches_nt_120214_wg_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="282" height="160"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-19]: Houston is dead and all her albums are now suddenly selling like crazy… Modern civilization…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-3253309134118832717?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/3253309134118832717/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-houston-necrophilia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3253309134118832717'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3253309134118832717'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-houston-necrophilia.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Houston, necrophilia, modern civilization…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-wiFN-66Ytos/T0BzKpv23tI/AAAAAAAACyw/gJRnhOv2H_k/s72-c/gty_whitney_houston_searches_nt_120214_wg_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-1633039911212689963</id><published>2012-02-19T05:57:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-19T05:57:15.081+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='υποκρισία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='μοντέρνος πολιτισμός'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Χιούστον, νεκροφιλία, σύγχρονος πολιτισμός…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-YvSQqi606Ko/T0BzFZyPdVI/AAAAAAAACyc/ONPl543gzU8/s1600-h/houston1-offtherails-gal-43%25255B4%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="houston1-offtherails-gal-43" border="0" alt="houston1-offtherails-gal-43" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Lf4NeMg5QpQ/T0BzGYxKMAI/AAAAAAAACyk/VvY2LWksNYQ/houston1-offtherails-gal-43_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="270" height="189"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-19]: Η Χιούστον είναι νεκρή και όλα της τα άλμπουμ πουλάνε πλέον ξαφνικά σαν τρελά… Μοντέρνος πολιτισμός…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-1633039911212689963?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/1633039911212689963/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_19.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1633039911212689963'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1633039911212689963'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_19.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Χιούστον, νεκροφιλία, σύγχρονος πολιτισμός…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Lf4NeMg5QpQ/T0BzGYxKMAI/AAAAAAAACyk/VvY2LWksNYQ/s72-c/houston1-offtherails-gal-43_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-5358428260851126684</id><published>2012-02-19T02:07:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-19T02:09:52.439+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='antinomies'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='harmony'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='harmonia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='One'/><title type='text'>Harmonia &amp; Antithesis - The path to One</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YLuX4bQSg1E/T0A9uN-p8sI/AAAAAAAACyU/Mktirmg6B9M/s1600/harmony_a1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YLuX4bQSg1E/T0A9uN-p8sI/AAAAAAAACyU/Mktirmg6B9M/s1600/harmony_a1.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Αρμονία (En. harmonia) is what wise men seek. But why do we seek it? Why do people want harmony in their lives, why do they want harmony in their thinking?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Harmony is a weird thing.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;You cannot have it unless you have met excess.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We seek harmony because we think we see it is the world.&lt;br /&gt;But the world is most of the times an ugly place full of antinomies and misery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;We like harmony because we feel good when we have it.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;So is harmony product of our selfishness?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Harmony is the way to unite opposites into One.&lt;br /&gt;But if opposites are part of this world, could they also be part of Harmony in the cosmos?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;If we think antithesis is an illusion,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;why don't think the other way around - could Harmony be an illusion too?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Intuition tells us that the world is not as complicated or full of antinomies as mathematics think.&lt;br /&gt;If something and its opposite are true, then maybe there is no antinomie at all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;"True" and "False" are human inventions.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;I wouldn't trust them much...&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Main Thesis:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/harmonia-philosophica-english.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Harmonia Philosophica [English]&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;Credo quia absurdum!&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-5358428260851126684?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/5358428260851126684/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/harmonia-antithesis-path-to-one.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5358428260851126684'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/5358428260851126684'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/harmonia-antithesis-path-to-one.html' title='Harmonia &amp; Antithesis - The path to One'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YLuX4bQSg1E/T0A9uN-p8sI/AAAAAAAACyU/Mktirmg6B9M/s72-c/harmony_a1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-159253664905357705</id><published>2012-02-18T13:59:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-18T14:00:33.238+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='censorship'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='scientific review'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='research funding'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='science'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='scientists'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: US funds, Canada is to blame!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-Ir3gGr4mtrc/Tz-SfhjhSzI/AAAAAAAACx8/OWsZr3W0LSI/s1600-h/funding-1%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="funding-1" border="0" alt="funding-1" align="left" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-dnVElmJ0xoE/Tz-ShoyyiLI/AAAAAAAACyE/J_GoOz2Dujc/funding-1_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="200" height="200"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-18]: The Canadian government has been accused of "muzzling" its scientists [source: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16861468" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. There we go again: CANADA is to be blamed for everything! No “muzzling” happens in the “home of the free, the land of the brave”, where the right to publish scientific research is directly dependent on the funding you get from (surely not… ethical) global conglomerates…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-159253664905357705?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/159253664905357705/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-us-funds-canada-is-to.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/159253664905357705'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/159253664905357705'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-us-funds-canada-is-to.html' title='Philosophy Wire: US funds, Canada is to blame!'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh4.ggpht.com/-dnVElmJ0xoE/Tz-ShoyyiLI/AAAAAAAACyE/J_GoOz2Dujc/s72-c/funding-1_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-301167683819213786</id><published>2012-02-18T13:58:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-18T14:00:22.563+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='επιστημονική επιθεώρηση'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='λογοκρισία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='χρηματοδότηση έρευνας'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='επιστήμονες'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='επιστήμη'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Οι ΗΠΑ χρηματοδοτούν, ο Καναδάς φταίει!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-vX_tsBoitjk/Tz-SWL5bTbI/AAAAAAAACxs/QeWfecwWbj0/s1600-h/physical_science_funding_trend%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="physical_science_funding_trend" border="0" alt="physical_science_funding_trend" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-MV8usSWZ6ow/Tz-SXfIUC8I/AAAAAAAACx0/rN8MX_lrjGQ/physical_science_funding_trend_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="304" height="254"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-18]: Η κυβέρνηση του Καναδά κατηγορείται ότι φιμώνει τους επιστήμονες [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16861468" target="_blank"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt;]. Αυτά είναι… Για άλλη μια φορά ο ΚΑΝΑΔΑΣ φταίει για όλα! Καμία “φίμωση” δεν υπάρχει στη “χώρα των γενναίων, στη χώρα των ελεύθερων”, όπου το δικαίωμα να μιλάς εξαρτάται άμεσα από τη χρηματοδότηση μεγάλων πολυεθνικών…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας…&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-301167683819213786?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/301167683819213786/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_18.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/301167683819213786'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/301167683819213786'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_18.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Οι ΗΠΑ χρηματοδοτούν, ο Καναδάς φταίει!'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-MV8usSWZ6ow/Tz-SXfIUC8I/AAAAAAAACx0/rN8MX_lrjGQ/s72-c/physical_science_funding_trend_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-2214195117372445910</id><published>2012-02-17T00:26:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-17T23:05:50.089+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='happiness'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='life'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='meaning of life'/><title type='text'>Lucky to be Unlucky!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_32DWJwjduM/TzwxEq5T1mI/AAAAAAAACxk/5I70m5AotTs/s1600/aikido-kanji-alpha.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_32DWJwjduM/TzwxEq5T1mI/AAAAAAAACxk/5I70m5AotTs/s320/aikido-kanji-alpha.gif" width="115" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Why do some people face more difficulties than others in their lives?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Why don't we ever ask the opposite?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Is being lucky a good thing?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Difficulties define us.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Difficulties make us who we are.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;If everything went as we wished,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;then Love and Will would have no reason to be...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-2214195117372445910?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/2214195117372445910/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/lucky-to-be-unlucky.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/2214195117372445910'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/2214195117372445910'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/lucky-to-be-unlucky.html' title='Lucky to be Unlucky!'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_32DWJwjduM/TzwxEq5T1mI/AAAAAAAACxk/5I70m5AotTs/s72-c/aikido-kanji-alpha.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-1443471406711338405</id><published>2012-02-16T00:09:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-16T00:09:23.527+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='silence'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='buddhism'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Buddha and the value of Silence</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-xZ2QXHcDXZo/TzwtBrk4IuI/AAAAAAAACxU/05wkNgJ0uuk/s1600-h/Mu%252520Chinese%252520character%252520of%252520the%252520ultimate%252520answer%252520SILENCE%252520or%252520NOTHING%25255B4%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Mu Chinese character of the ultimate answer SILENCE or NOTHING" border="0" alt="Mu Chinese character of the ultimate answer SILENCE or NOTHING" align="left" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-HeP4iNoAjUE/TzwtD1G9ysI/AAAAAAAACxc/6stRALipFOM/Mu%252520Chinese%252520character%252520of%252520the%252520ultimate%252520answer%252520SILENCE%252520or%252520NOTHING_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="185" height="240"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-16]: A philosopher once visited Buddha and asked him: "Without words, without the wordless, will you tell me the truth?" &lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;Shut up! , said Buddha.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;…&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-1443471406711338405?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/1443471406711338405/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-buddha-and-value-of.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1443471406711338405'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1443471406711338405'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-buddha-and-value-of.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Buddha and the value of Silence'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-HeP4iNoAjUE/TzwtD1G9ysI/AAAAAAAACxc/6stRALipFOM/s72-c/Mu%252520Chinese%252520character%252520of%252520the%252520ultimate%252520answer%252520SILENCE%252520or%252520NOTHING_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-3063976919070866074</id><published>2012-02-16T00:08:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-16T00:08:48.661+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='βουδισμός'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='σιωπή'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Βούδδας και η αξία της Σιωπής</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-x2X-s1SvWH8/Tzws4J5NLRI/AAAAAAAACxE/1KarK1n8Alw/s1600-h/Mu%252520Chinese%252520character%252520of%252520the%252520ultimate%252520answer%252520SILENCE%252520or%252520NOTHING%25255B4%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Mu Chinese character of the ultimate answer SILENCE or NOTHING" border="0" alt="Mu Chinese character of the ultimate answer SILENCE or NOTHING" align="right" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-zl8utRyiP2g/Tzws7ZcAAOI/AAAAAAAACxM/rwMXvQK9be4/Mu%252520Chinese%252520character%252520of%252520the%252520ultimate%252520answer%252520SILENCE%252520or%252520NOTHING_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="185" height="240"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-16]: Ένας φιλόσοφος κάποτε πλησίασε τον Βούδδα και τον ρώτησε: “Χωρίς λέξεις, θα μου πεις την αλήθεια;”&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;Σκάσε! , του είπε ο Βούδδας.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-3063976919070866074?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/3063976919070866074/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_16.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3063976919070866074'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3063976919070866074'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_16.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Βούδδας και η αξία της Σιωπής'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-zl8utRyiP2g/Tzws7ZcAAOI/AAAAAAAACxM/rwMXvQK9be4/s72-c/Mu%252520Chinese%252520character%252520of%252520the%252520ultimate%252520answer%252520SILENCE%252520or%252520NOTHING_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-1992909872914268861</id><published>2012-02-15T02:08:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-15T02:08:02.017+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='jokes'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='atheist jokes'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='theory of evolution'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Dawkins, slaps, jokes…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-d-hf06H5z0A/Tzr3XIU2ciI/AAAAAAAACw0/iY8tjxWLzns/s1600-h/3fce744dffa86bb65169cc3efeede384_10%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="3fce744dffa86bb65169cc3efeede384_10" border="0" alt="3fce744dffa86bb65169cc3efeede384_10" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-S68Nl_Q_-mg/Tzr3YDegxZI/AAAAAAAACw4/9CsiSFmR0ww/3fce744dffa86bb65169cc3efeede384_10_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="367" height="225"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-15]: Dawkins, the high priest of atheism today, mocks Christians who do not know by heart all the holy Christian books. But in a radio debate with a priest, he falls into his own trap: the priest asks him for the full title of Darwin’s book on the Theory of Evolution and Dawkins remains… stunned because HE CANNOT REMEMBER it [source: &lt;a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/02/14/richard-dawkins-giles-fraser-radio4-athiesm_n_1275468.html?ref=uk" target="_blank"&gt;web news&lt;/a&gt;] !!! Talking too much always end up bad… Hahahaha!!!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;Here is the full transcript of the dialogue:&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;Dawkins said an "astonishing number couldn't identify the first book in the New Testament." But his claim that this indicated self-identified Christians were "not really Christian at all" was challenged by Fraser, who said the poll asked "silly little questions" to "trip" people up. (this is a discussion of Dawkins with Giles Fraser, Former Canon Chancellor of St Paul's Cathedral, over a &lt;a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/02/13/poll-british-christians-religion-public-policy_n_1274442.html?ref=uk"&gt;poll conducted for the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (UK)&lt;/a&gt; which found that self-identified Christians didn't go to Church, or read the bible)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giles Fraser:&lt;/strong&gt; Richard, if I said to you what is the full title of 'The Origin Of Species', I'm sure you could tell me that.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Richard Dawkins&lt;/strong&gt;: Yes I could&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giles Fraser:&lt;/strong&gt; Go on then.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Richard Dawkins:&lt;/strong&gt; On The Origin Of Species.. Uh. With, Oh God. On The Origin Of Species. There is a sub title with respect to the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giles Fraser&lt;/strong&gt;: You're the high pope of Darwinism… If you asked people who believed in evolution that question and you came back and said 2% got it right, it would be terribly easy for me to go 'they don't believe it after all.' It's just not fair to ask people these questions. They self-identify as Christians and I think you should respect that.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;PS. &lt;strong&gt;The fact that Dawkins uses the phrase “Oh God” when he has problems, has great importance and symbolism on its own…&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-1992909872914268861?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/1992909872914268861/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-dawkins-slaps-jokes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1992909872914268861'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1992909872914268861'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-dawkins-slaps-jokes.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Dawkins, slaps, jokes…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh3.ggpht.com/-S68Nl_Q_-mg/Tzr3YDegxZI/AAAAAAAACw4/9CsiSFmR0ww/s72-c/3fce744dffa86bb65169cc3efeede384_10_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-4074678442270248104</id><published>2012-02-15T02:07:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-15T02:07:31.144+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ανέκδοτα'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ανέκδοτα για τον αθεϊσμό'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='θεωρία της εξέλιξης'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ντώκινς, σφαλιάρες, ανέκδοτα…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-9GR2q_WwTnY/Tzr3PPuj3uI/AAAAAAAACwk/AG_-SXJ4mzg/s1600-h/dawkins%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="dawkins" border="0" alt="dawkins" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-xFAslgCgwHo/Tzr3QdpG1bI/AAAAAAAACwo/HQ_-zlVKhRk/dawkins_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="412" height="234"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-15]: Ο γνωστός ιερέας του αθεϊσμού Ντώκινς (Dawkins) κοροϊδεύει τους Χριστιανούς που δεν γνωρίζουν εκ μνήμης όλα τα βιβλία του Χριστιανισμού. Σε μια ραδιοφωνική συζήτηση πέφτει θύμα της ίδιας του της κακίας: ο ιερέας συνομιλητής του τον ρωτάει τον πλήρες τίτλο του βιβλίου του Δαρβίνου για τη Θεωρία της Εξέλιξης και ο Ντώκινς απλά… μένει άναυδος επειδή ΔΕΝ ΤΟΝ ΘΥΜΑΤΑΙ [πηγή: &lt;a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/02/14/richard-dawkins-giles-fraser-radio4-athiesm_n_1275468.html?ref=uk" target="_blank"&gt;web news&lt;/a&gt;] ... Μεγάλη μπουκιά φάε, μεγαλύτερη σφαλιάρα θα σου έρθει… Χαχαχα…!!!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;Αυτός είναι ο πλήρης διάλογος όπως εκτυλίχθηκε:&lt;/div&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;Dawkins said an "astonishing number couldn't identify the first book in the New Testament." But his claim that this indicated self-identified Christians were "not really Christian at all" was challenged by Fraser, who said the poll asked "silly little questions" to "trip" people up. (this is a discussion of Dawkins with Giles Fraser, Former Canon Chancellor of St Paul's Cathedral, over a &lt;a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/02/13/poll-british-christians-religion-public-policy_n_1274442.html?ref=uk"&gt;poll conducted for the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (UK)&lt;/a&gt; which found that self-identified Christians didn't go to Church, or read the bible)&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giles Fraser:&lt;/strong&gt; Richard, if I said to you what is the full title of 'The Origin Of Species', I'm sure you could tell me that.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Richard Dawkins&lt;/strong&gt;: Yes I could&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giles Fraser:&lt;/strong&gt; Go on then.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Richard Dawkins:&lt;/strong&gt; On The Origin Of Species.. Uh. With, Oh God. On The Origin Of Species. There is a sub title with respect to the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Giles Fraser&lt;/strong&gt;: You're the high pope of Darwinism… If you asked people who believed in evolution that question and you came back and said 2% got it right, it would be terribly easy for me to go 'they don't believe it after all.' It's just not fair to ask people these questions. They self-identify as Christians and I think you should respect that.&lt;/font&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;font color="#0000ff"&gt;ΥΓ. &lt;strong&gt;Το ότι ο Ντώκινς λέει “Oh God” όταν τα βρίσκει σκούρα έχει και αυτό από μόνο του τη σημασία του… Έτσι δεν είναι;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-4074678442270248104?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/4074678442270248104/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_15.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/4074678442270248104'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/4074678442270248104'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_15.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ντώκινς, σφαλιάρες, ανέκδοτα…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-xFAslgCgwHo/Tzr3QdpG1bI/AAAAAAAACwo/HQ_-zlVKhRk/s72-c/dawkins_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-1085185616369474467</id><published>2012-02-13T21:08:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-13T21:08:32.038+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='university'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='anarchists'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Greece'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Greece, universities, fire…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-QETPh9eq8_Q/TzlfqeQ-CRI/AAAAAAAACwU/wWVAFyHCog8/s1600-h/anarkhoaplutoi.preview%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="anarkhoaplutoi.preview" border="0" alt="anarkhoaplutoi.preview" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-XMMNbCF1prk/TzlfrU7355I/AAAAAAAACwc/csdPK49tKXY/anarkhoaplutoi.preview_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="297" height="224"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-13]: At least 17 fires broke off in Athens yesterday. The headquarters of the anarchists who set them was in the Law School of Athens University. Protecting the universities from state intervention is not relevant to this mess…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-1085185616369474467?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/1085185616369474467/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-greece-universities.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1085185616369474467'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1085185616369474467'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-greece-universities.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Greece, universities, fire…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-XMMNbCF1prk/TzlfrU7355I/AAAAAAAACwc/csdPK49tKXY/s72-c/anarkhoaplutoi.preview_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-9107262693187749215</id><published>2012-02-13T21:08:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-13T21:08:04.398+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='πανεπιστήμιο'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ελλάδα'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='αναρχικοί'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ελλάδα, πανεπιστήμια, φωτιές…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-SeQ2SPBUrZI/Tzlfj-hdX0I/AAAAAAAACwE/gVzfv-Hma7s/s1600-h/anarkhoaplutoi.preview_thumb%25255B1%25255D%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="anarkhoaplutoi.preview_thumb[1]" border="0" alt="anarkhoaplutoi.preview_thumb[1]" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-LCDGjK7w2sY/TzlfktKD99I/AAAAAAAACwM/EHNNLTdbT_o/anarkhoaplutoi.preview_thumb%25255B1%25255D_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="297" height="224"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-13]: Οι αναρχικοί έκαψαν την Αθήνα. Το ορμητήριο τους η Νομική Αθηνών. Η προστασία των πανεπιστημίων από την κρατική παρέμβαση σίγουρα δεν έχει σχέση με αυτά τα χάλια…&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-9107262693187749215?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/9107262693187749215/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_13.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/9107262693187749215'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/9107262693187749215'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_13.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ελλάδα, πανεπιστήμια, φωτιές…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh3.ggpht.com/-LCDGjK7w2sY/TzlfktKD99I/AAAAAAAACwM/EHNNLTdbT_o/s72-c/anarkhoaplutoi.preview_thumb%25255B1%25255D_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-2782884000779210653</id><published>2012-02-13T20:41:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-13T20:59:06.118+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='spanish'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='science philosophy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='la religión Filosofía'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='religion'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='religion philosophy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='science'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='religión'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='filosofía de la ciencia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ciencia'/><title type='text'>Unificación de ciencia y religión – hacia una ciencia religional</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Autor&lt;/b&gt;: &lt;i&gt;Spiros Kakos&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/2jszrulazj6wq/0oqcgl/250px-godthegeometer.jpg"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-onuHQFHXdA0/TzlWlkSZuQI/AAAAAAAACvE/lpuTT8nf3DQ/s1600/250px-godthegeometer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-onuHQFHXdA0/TzlWlkSZuQI/AAAAAAAACvE/lpuTT8nf3DQ/s320/250px-godthegeometer.jpg" width="226" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;Introducción&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;﻿La ciencia y la religión son tratadas por algunoscomo formas de pensar contradictorias. Esto no es cierto. ﻿Sin pretenderafirmar que poseo la clave de la “verdad suprema”, analizaré la filosofíaesencial de ambos sectores y mostraré que estas dos formas de pensar no estánen conflicto, sino que son dos caras de una misma moneda. Nunca se puedeconocer la vida plenamente, a menos que se vea el cosmos desde ambasperspectivas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La existencia de Dios puede demostrarse mediante lasherramientas de la lógica y la fe. ﻿Algunos de los mejores científicos de todoslos tiempos eran personas religiosas. La ciencia y la religión no siempredependen de la lógica y la fe, respectivamente. En una época en la que losnuevos avances de la ciencia nos sorprenden cada día, la religión conservatodavía fuerza y actualidad. ﻿Esto tiene su explicación. Independientemente delos avances de la ciencia, siempre habrá preguntas metafísicas cuya respuestasólo puede encontrarse en otras formas. La ciencia no nos dice nada sobrenuestros sentimientos, sobre cómo nos podemos sentir tristes al escuchar unacanción o alegres al ver a un viejo amigo. La ciencia moderna no considera alos humanos como parte de la imagen que intenta crear. Esto hace que seatodavía más difícil para todos nosotros que cambiemos la forma de pensar. Larazón de nuestra existencia no se puede encontrar dentro de un laboratorio… Lalógica es una herramienta científica, al igual que la experimentación. ﻿Y haynumerosas conclusiones interesantes sobre nuestra vida y nuestro propósito enla vida a las que nos ha llevado la lógica. ﻿Es importante comprender que paraque la ciencia y la religión coexistan armónicamente, no sólo la religión tieneque tener cuidado para no interferir en los aspectos que la ciencia investiga.La ciencia también debe tener cuidado de no tener suposiciones filosóficas quesocaven su trabajo. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;A pesar de la “guerra” entre ciencia y religión quealgunas personas como Dawkins tratan de hacernos creer que existe, la verdad esmuy diferente, más simple y más “amistosa”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;En realidad, pocas personas se dan cuenta de que losantiguos griegos, que se consideran como los primeros pensadores libres detodos los tiempos, también TENÍAN una religión…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Y no debemos olvidar que el cristianismo primero fueadoptado voluntariamente por los fundadores de la lógica y la verdaderaciencia, los griegos…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Tampoco olvidemos que todos los manuscritos griegosde Aristóteles y Platón, los fundadores del pensamiento científico “libre”,como se considera hoy en día, fueron salvados del paso del tiempo por loscristianos ortodoxos griegos en el Imperio Bizantino y los islamistas árabes dela época medieval.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Resulta extra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;ñ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;oque el “sacerdote” del ateísmo moderno, Richard Dawkins, sea profesor en laUniversidad de Santa María. ¿La “guerra” entre la religión y la ciencia es tancruenta que la religión ha creado una escuela para que enseñe su mayor enemigo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Por lo tanto, tal vez no solo estén el blanco y elnegro, sino también otros colores…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Losprincipales puntos de la unidad entre la ciencia y la religión, que existe,pero que todavía elude la mayoría de la gente, se muestran a continuación.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;1. La ciencia para el “cómo”, lareligión para el “por qué”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;El ámbito de las ciencias exactas (nota: enadelante, haré referencia a la física y las ciencias exactas con el término “ciencia”en este artículo – excepto si se afirma lo contrario - por motivos desimplicidad) es el mundo de los fenómenos físicos. Por otro lado, las preguntascomo “¿cuál es nuestro propósito en la vida?, “¿por qué existimos?” o “¿cuál esla realidad?” están fuera del &lt;b&gt;ámbito de aplicación de la ciencia &lt;/b&gt;(véanselas conclusiones para saber más sobre este aspecto).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La ciencia aborda el “cómo”, mientras que lareligión se ocupa del “por qué”. Ambas cosas son interdependientes ycomplementarias. Aunque la ciencia descubra cómo funciona cada célula delcerebro humano, seguirá sin descubrir por qué funciona de esa manera. La “primeracausa”, el comienzo de la existencia está fuera del alcance de la ciencia. Sepuede decir que la ciencia aborda el mundo natural y los fenómenos naturales,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;mientras que la religión se encarga de los fenómenossobrenaturales [10]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;. Por eso, tanto la ciencia como lareligión son necesarias para la búsqueda de la verdad.&amp;nbsp; La religión aborda cuestiones que la ciencianunca puede responder, como el famoso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;ignoramus et ignorabimus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;span style="color: #333333;"&gt;(“desconocemos y desconoceremos”, como el “Solo sé que nosé nada” de Sócrates) del fisiólogo alemán&lt;/span&gt; Emildu Bois-Reymond [7] (aunque Hilbert intentónegar que hay cosas que nunca sabremos, Godel con su teorema de laincompletitud demostró que Emil du Bois-Reymond teníarazón).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;También es muy importante comprender que la cienciay la religión se basan en algún tipo de fe. La ciencia en la fe de que existeuna verdad absoluta y que la lógica puede revelar dicha verdad absoluta. Lareligión en la fe de que existe un fin último (y, por ende, Dios). Esinteresante destacar en este punto que aunque Godel demostrara que la lógica nopuede probar la verdad, la gente seguirá creyendo en ella sin cuestionamientos.A lo largo de la historia de la ciencia, la ciencia tenía a Dios como punto departida. La noción de que nosotros, los seres humanos, fuimos hechos a imagende Dios, dio a científicos como Newton la fuerza y la voluntad para tratar decomprender el universo: “si fuimos hechos a Su imagen, entonces tenemos lacapacidad para comprender Su creación”, afirmaban los coetáneos de Santo &lt;b&gt;Tomásde Aquino.&lt;/b&gt; Por otro lado, la religión tiene a Dios como su punto final. Nosdice cómo debemos comportarnos y actuar en este mundo para ganarnos un lugar enel “otro” mundo. La ciencia no afronta los problemas de la ética en absoluto.Puede mostrar cómo explota una bomba nuclear, pero no dice nada sobre si sedebe utilizar y de qué forma. La ciencia aborda aspectos medibles, mientras quela religión trata aspectos que no se pueden medir. Y estos últimos (losaspectos sobre los que no podemos hablar científicamente) son los que nosdistinguen de los animales…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Como decía Albert Einstein: “&lt;b&gt;La ciencia sin lareligión &lt;/b&gt;está coja, &lt;b&gt;la religión sin la ciencia &lt;/b&gt;está ciega”.[Consulte mi Knol&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/the-limits-of-science/2jszrulazj6wq/5"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Thelimits of science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Loslímites de la ciencia) para obtener más información sobre la esencia de lo quetrata la ciencia]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;2. Argumentos lógicos de la metafísica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Muchas personas son empiristas o materialistas yniegan la existencia de la metafísica. En esta sección presento algunosargumentos lógicos a favor de la existencia de las cosas que las personas noreligiosas piensan que pertenecen al mundo de las hadas. Mi propósito esmostrar que decir que el universo tiene un propósito y que hay una causainicial para su existencia es algo que está basado en la lógica y no solo en lafe. Y lo que no debemos olvidar es que cada opinión o sistema filosófico (tantoel teísta como el ateísta) se basan en suposiciones no comprobadas y axiomas.Pero por lo menos todo el mundo debería intentar conocerlos. Y una vez que sehace, se puede llegar a comprender que las hipótesis y los axiomas necesariospara creer en la existencia de un dios son mucho menos numerosas y mucho menosdifíciles de justificar que las hipótesis y los axiomas necesarios para creeren “una vida generada aleatoriamente en un universo que se ha producido sinninguna razón particular”…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;﻿Metafísica - una definición&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;(Gr. meta ta Physika) Título arbitrario dado porAndrónico de Rodas, alrededor del año 70 a.C., a cierta colección de escritosaristotélicos. Tradicionalmente dada por la frase oracular: &lt;b&gt;“La ciencia delser como tal”.&lt;/b&gt; Se debe distinguir del estudio del ser bajo algún aspectoparticular; por lo tanto, se opone a las ciencias que hacen referencia a ensmobile, ens quantum, etc.. El término “ciencia”, se utiliza aquí en su sentidoclásico de “conocimiento por causas”, donde el “conocimiento” contrasta con la “opinión”y el término “causa” tiene la plena significación de la aitia griega. Las “causas”,que son los objetos de cognición metafísica, se dice que son “primeras” en elorden natural (primeros principios), ya que no se basan en generalizaciones nosuperiores o más completas disponibles para el intelecto humano por medio desus propias facultades naturales. ﻿Significados derivados y secundarios: (a)Todo lo relacionado con lo suprafísico. Por ejemplo, la “curación metafísica”, la“poesía metafísica”, etc. (b) Cualquier esquema de explicación que trasciendelas deficiencias o inexactitudes del pensamiento ordinario. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Desde esa perspectiva, las cuestiones metafísicasestán estrechamente relacionadas con las cosas que existen sin causa previa -véase el argumento de la “Primera causa” mostrado a continuación para obtenermás detalles y un análisis sobre este aspecto.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cKukhPGBBus/TzlXfb6FNzI/AAAAAAAACvU/79K8niCTaFw/s1600/_56546496_man_bible.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cKukhPGBBus/TzlXfb6FNzI/AAAAAAAACvU/79K8niCTaFw/s320/_56546496_man_bible.jpg" width="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;“Creer” - una definición&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Como la palabra “creer” se ha entendido mal enmuchas ocasiones, me gustaría hacer una aclaración sobre la forma en que lautilizaré en el presente artículo. Desde mi punto de vista, “creer” NOsignifica “saber” o “estar seguro de que algo es así”. Cuando digo “Creo”, usola palabra con la definición de la palabra en el diccionario: Tengo algunosdatos que me llevan hacia una conclusión, pero que no son suficientes paraestar seguro (en tal caso, diría “Yo sé”), por eso digo “Creo que esto es así”,basándome en esos datos y en algunos argumentos lógicos. Yo no uso la palabra “creer”en la “mala” versión religiosa de “censurar el resto de opiniones”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Por ejemplo, si alguien dice “Veo nubes, por lo quecreo que va a llover”, no está promoviendo ninguna idea religiosa. Solo estárealizando algunas conclusiones (probablemente) válidas (que incluso se puedenllamar “científicas”), pero utiliza la palabra “creer” en lugar de “saber”porque no está seguro al 100%.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;2.1 Un propósito superior existe&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Es más, creo (es decir, “mi lógica me dicta quedespués de analizar numerosos hechos sobre el universo” y no “creo que es asísin ninguna lógica o prueba de apoyo”)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;que hay un propósito superior en la vida. Puesto que todo lo quehacemos en la vida lo hacemos con un próposito en mente &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;, me parece ilógico y muy improbableque nuestra vida en conjunto no tenga ninguna finalidad. Esto se conoce como elargumento de la “teleología”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;No sé cuáles el propósito. Es posible que nunca lo descubra. Pero muchas cosas quesabemos y la experiencia indican que algo de “esencia superior” forma parte denuestra existencia - que en parte estamos hechos de algo más que polvo. ˇSeresluminosos somos, no esta cruda materia! La ciencia nunca podrá entender por quése nos pueden saltar las lágrimas cuando escuchamos nuestra antigua canciónfavorita (aunque pueda explicar exhaustivamente la química y el mecanismo delas lágrimas), por qué nos reímos, por qué podemos querer tanto a alguien quesomos capaces de dar nuestra vida por esta persona (y no estoy hablando delamor de una madre hacia su hijo, que puede explicarse por la teoría de laevolución, ya que la madre desprende ese amor para proteger a su hijo, sino queme refiero a todo tipo de amor que pueda tener el ser humano, como el amor queuna persona puede mostrar hacia un amigo, etc.), por qué somos buenos, por quédesarrollamos un comportamiento altruista y ayudamos a gente que no conocemos,poniendo en peligro al mismo tiempo nuestras vidas (incluso sabiendo que noobtendremos ninguna recompensa), por qué los humanos nos esmeramos para lacreación, la escritura, la poesía, por qué nos podemos dar nuestra vida porideas como la libertad, por qué las personas se suicidan (según la teoría de laevolución, sobrevivir es lo más importante para nosotros, por lo que nisiquiera se nos debería pasar por la cabeza el hecho de suicidarnos) y asísucesivamente…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;2.2 El argumento de la primera causa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;El universo es inteligible y esto significalógicamente (al menos para Aristóteles) que debe existir una primera causa [gr.Πρώτη Αιτία]. O en otras palabras, un motor inmóvil debe haber puesto el mundoen movimiento en primer lugar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Desde el principio de lostiempos, la ciencia ha intentado encontrar las causas de todos los fenómenos,por lo que resulta bastante irónico que algunos científicos afirmen que noexiste ninguna causa inicial. No es lógico decir que cada evento tiene unacausa, pero que el universo en sí mismo no la tenga. Después de todo, alanalizar un evento, por ejemplo, un vaso de agua que cae al suelo, se intentaencontrar la causa inicial. Si dices que “el vaso se ha caído a causa de la leyde la gravedad”, estarás “engañando”. No encuentras LA causa, solo la causa quesucede inmediatamente después de la primera. Para que el análisis sea completo,debes averiguar la causa de la ley de la gravedad, la causa de esa causa, etc.Si no existe ninguna causa inicial (¿Dios?), significa que el simple fenómenodel vaso cayendo no tiene ninguna causa en absoluto. El mundo dejaría de serinteligible…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;Además, como&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;afirma el argumento de la “causasuficiente” de Leibnitz, debe existir una razón suficiente para que algo “exista”.Por lo tanto, debe haber alguna razón para que todo el universo exista, enlugar de la nada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;En resumen, el argumento de la “primera causa” sedefine como sigue:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;1.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Lacausa de la existencia de algo puede radicar fuera de esta (en tal caso,hablamos de cosas “posibles”) o dentro de esta (en este caso, hablamos de cosas“necesarias”). Un niño es algo “posible”: requiere la existencia de una causa “externa”(es decir, sus padres). Dios (tal y como lo definen las religiones) o eluniverso existente (tal y como lo describe Heracles) son “cosas necesarias” (esdecir, la causa de su existencia radica en ellos).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;2.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Algopuede existir o no existir. Algo existe solo si hay “razón suficiente” para quepueda existir Esta es la única manera con la que puede justificarse laexistencia frente a la posibilidad de no existencia. Un niño puede existir o noexistir. Si existe, lo hace debido a una causa suficiente: sus padres y sudecisión de tener niños.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;3.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;(1)+ (2) =&amp;gt; El Universo necesita una causa de existencia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;4.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Nadapuede crearse de la nada. Si en algún momento (es decir, antes del Big Bang) nohabía nada, entonces tampoco debería existir nada ahora. Así que el universo existedesde siempre o fue creado en algún momento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;5.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Siel universo existió desde siempre, no necesita ninguna causa “externa” paraexistir: es “necesario”. De lo contrario, requiere una causa “externa” parajustificar su existencia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;6.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Todaslas cosas que observamos son “posibles” (es decir, requieren una causa “fuera”para existir). Por ejemplo, yo existo debido a mis padres. Este texto existeporque yo lo escribo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;7.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Eluniverso existe y es la suma de todas las cosas que existen en él.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;8.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;(6)+ (7) =&amp;gt; El Universo es “posible”, por lo que necesita una causa “externa”para existir. Esta causa la llamaré “primera causa”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;9.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Todotiene una causa. Así que la primera causa también debe tener una causa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;10.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Sila primera causa tiene una causa externa, terminamos con una serie infinita decausas =&amp;gt; No existe la “primera causa”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;11.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;aconclusión (10) no es correcta, ya que no concuerda con (8).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;12.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;(8)+ (11) =&amp;gt; La primera causa no necesita una causa externa para existir. ﻿Laprimera causa es “necesaria”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Ninguna pretensión arrogante de los científicos como“sabemos lo que causó ese fenómeno” puede escapar a ocuparse de la “primeracausa”. Lo que parecemos “saber” suele ser solo la primera o la segunda causamás inmediata de un fenómeno físico y nada más. Sin embargo, esto significa queno “conocemos” realmente la “verdadera” causa inicial de fenómeno. La cienciaes una excelente herramienta para analizar la realidad, pero lamentablementetiene sus límites. Y estos límites parecen plantear un muro impenetratable enel punto en que se encuentra la explicación de la esencia de nuestraexistencia. Si aceptamos que podemos entender el universo, no podemos ignorarlas consecuencias de ese “entendimiento” que “sentimos” día a día…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Se puede encontrar una buena presentación resumidade los&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;argumentos cosmológicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; para &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;la existencia de Dios en el Knol titulado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/michael-mcgovern/the-cosmological-argument-for-the/1ostw97b2fdye/7"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Thecosmological argument for the existence of God&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt; (El argumento cosmológico para laexistencia de Dios).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;El argumento de la primera causa es uno de losargumentos más conocidos y bien formulados a favor de un dios. Los ateos(poniendo como ejemplo al ser humano), en sus intentos por desacreditarlo onegarlo, han llegado al punto de negar la existencia de la “causalidad” deluniverso. Algunos afirman que “no estamos seguros de que exista causalidad,¿por qué no tener una serie infinita de causas?”, olvidando probablemente quetoda la estructura de la ciencia se basa en la propia existencia de lacausalidad. Otros afirman que “no existe ninguna causalidad en mecánicacuántica, por lo que en el comienzo del universo no existió ninguna causalidady una serie infinita de causas es una teoría válida”. Estas personas olvidanque, incluso en un campo tan complicado y aún en debate como la mecánicacuántico, en el que existen más de 10 interpretaciones distintas, loscientíficos más conocidos creen en una interpretación determinística (es decir,incluyendo la noción de causalidad).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Cabe recordar que lo importanteaquí no es si la causalidad existe o si el argumento puede convencer a todos ono. ﻿La clave es que hay un fondo lógico en los argumentos para el ámbitometafísico de Dios, que la metafísica puede formar parte de la intelectualidadhumana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fNQdaLpi9LI/TzlXtczAesI/AAAAAAAACvc/jElVhwm6S2I/s1600/300053732_0b20ed7e73.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="234" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fNQdaLpi9LI/TzlXtczAesI/AAAAAAAACvc/jElVhwm6S2I/s320/300053732_0b20ed7e73.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;2.3 Conocimiento “a priori” y “aposteriori”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Los empiristas niegan la existencia del conocimientoque no proviene de la experiencia (conocimiento “a posteriori” = conocimientobasado en la experiencia). En otras palabras: ﻿niegan la existencia decualquier conocimiento “a priori”. Sin embargo, Kant postuló que se puede haberconocimiento humano “a priori”. Por ejemplo, el silogismo “1 = 1” es unconocimiento “a priori” - es independiente de cualquier experiencia presente,pasada o futura. El argumento “si A es verdadero y A =&amp;gt; B, entonces B esverdadero” es también un “conocimiento a priori”. Otro ejemplo proviene denuestra experiencia en ciencia de contar: ﻿al contar o medir utilizamos lanoción subyacente de “cantidad”. Esa noción debe ser “inculcada” en nosotrosantes de comenzar a contar. Es un conocimiento “a priori”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La suma de conocimientos “a priori” es realmente unconocimiento que existe sin causa previa - algo así como la “primera causa”descrita en el subcapítulo anterior. Ese conocimiento “a priori” (por ejemplo,la noción de “cantidad” o la noción de “calidad” - según Kant) es la base de nuestrapropia comprensión del universo. Y la existencia de un tipo de conocimientodemuestra que “algo” nos dio ese conocimiento. Ese “conocimiento sin causas” esde lo que trata el área de la “metafísica”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Algunos empiristas fallan en su intento de explicarnuestros conocimientos “a priori” con los términos de la evolución. Enparticular, algunas personas afirman que lo que podemos saber antes de tenercualquier experiencia es en realidad el conocimiento de nuestros antepasadoscodificado en nuestro genoma. De nuevo, encontrar una posible causa inmediatano significa que conocemos la verdadera causa (inicial) de un fenómeno (véaseel subcapítulo anterior para obtener más información sobre esto). Así que lapregunta en este caso simplemente se transfiere un “nivel” que lleva de nuevo ala pregunta: “¿cómo supo el primer humano cómo contar si no tenía a priori elsentido de la noción de la cantidad?”…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;2.4 Argumentos ontológicos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Muchos pensadores han intentado demostrar laexistencia de un ser todopoderoso (como lo que las religiones llaman “Dios”).﻿Estos intentos son interesantes, no porque demuestren algo sin lugar a dudas(hay de hecho lógicos que piensan son correctos, pero hay también otros quepiensan lo contrario), sino porque prueban que la lógica puede ser unaherramienta que conduce a Dios. Uno de los mejores lógicos de todos lostiempos, Godel, llevó a cabo tal argumento antológico, que se puede encontraren el libro &lt;b&gt;“Types, Tableaus, and Gödel's God”&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;. ﻿Se podría estar en desacuerdo conese argumento. ¡Pero aquí el punto crítico es que otros lógicos están deacuerdo! Así que, a pesar de que este argumento no haya resuelto el granmisterio de todos ellos, nos ha dado una gran lección: La lógica no es una herramientasolo para el ateísmo, también es una herramienta para el teísmo…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;2.5 El argumento del diseño&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;El Universoparece estar diseñado. La cosmología moderna ha descubierto que se establecen10 parámetros exactamente a los valores necesarios para tener un universo quesostiene la vida. Para muchos, esto parece ser indicio de un “diseño”. Otrospor supuesto no llegan a la misma conclusión: dicho conjunto de parámetrosoptimizados podría ser (según una posición muy extrema) resultado de purasuerte. Una coincidencia de proporciones cósmicas. ﻿La cosmología moderna es lateología moderna…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-M9sOvqp4tOw/TzlWx-7DViI/AAAAAAAACvM/LdFJ3ZbPv6I/s1600/cosmologysmall.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="256" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-M9sOvqp4tOw/TzlWx-7DViI/AAAAAAAACvM/LdFJ3ZbPv6I/s400/cosmologysmall.gif" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;El punto a observar nuevamente no es el hecho de que se trata de un argumento finalque prueba la existencia de Dios sin lugar a dudas. Cada fenómeno puede serinterpretado de diferentes maneras. La mayoría de las veces, la posturafilosófica subyacente del observador es lo que le dicta lo que debe concluir.Sin embargo, lo que uno debe entender de ese argumento de “Diseño” es el hechode que las observaciones y el análisis lógico pueden servir de base para la feen la existencia de Dios. El hecho de que estemos de acuerdo o no con esteanálisis lógico no anula su valor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;2.6 Otros argumentos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La existencia del “libre albedrío” también puededemostrar la existencia de Dios. Pocas personas han pensado en lasconsecuencias de la existencia del “libre albedrío”. En un mundo plenamente “materialista”(el materialismo es un dogma creido por muchos científicos en la actualidad,que olvida que nadie ha demostrado o mostrado que la materia solo existe en elcosmos) de leyes físicas universales absolutas que lo definen todo, no haycabida para el libre albedrío. La única manera de justificar la existencia dellibre albedrío es basar esa existencia en “algo” que no siga las leyes físicas(que son las que hacen todo lo previsible en el universo). Las bases del librealbedrío deben establecerse en “algo” que no siga las “condiciones iniciales”lógicas + “reglas físicas” =&amp;gt; comportamiento predecible. De esta forma, ellibre albedrío abre el camino para el único ser que podía desviarse de la rutade las leyes físicas - Dios (como una “causa primera” - véase el argumentorespectivo)…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;El hecho de que muchas personas estén dispuestas a &lt;b&gt;suicidarseo a sacrificar sus vidas &lt;/b&gt;a fin de defender algunas ideas nobles y “superiores”(como el honor o la libertad de expresión, por ejemplo) indica directamente queexiste algo “más” que pura materia. ﻿Si tuviéramos que aprovechar la existenciaen el momento en que morimos, a nadie le importaría sacrificar su vida por unextraño o llevar a cabo acciones altruistas de ningún tipo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;La filosofía y el “ser”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Enconclusión, la mayor parte de la filosofía se basa en la gran pregunta quetanto inquietó a Heidegger: ¿qué es “ser” en realidad? La pregunta sobre lo quees realmente la realidad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;es lo que desencadenó la creación delmundo de las ideas de Platón, el “motor inmóvil” (gr.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Ακίνητο Κινούν&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;) de Aristóteles o el ego de Freud. &lt;b&gt;Toda lafilosofía se basa en esa misma pregunta.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Y Heidegger tenía razón al decir que hemos olvidadolo importante que es&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt; Todos los campos de la ciencia sonintentos fallidos para alejarse de la dificultad de la pregunta, dividiéndola ytransformándola en varias. Sin embargo, &lt;b&gt;el hecho de que hayamos desglosadola pregunta del "Ser" en varias pequeñas, no significa que hayamoshecho ningún progreso real. ¡&lt;/b&gt;Al contrario, incluso hemos olvidado laimportancia de la pregunta! El “ser” es algo que no podemos definir. Heideggerlo intentó (a través de un análisis etimológico de la forma en que la palabra “ον”se usaba en la época presocrática), pero fracasó. ﻿Sin embargo, mostró algunasde sus propiedades. El “ser” no es. La noción de “Ser” solo aparece dentro deobjetos que tienen esa propiedad. Por lo tanto, “Ser”&amp;nbsp;(&lt;i&gt;ον&lt;/i&gt;)&amp;nbsp;nopuede existir por su cuenta, ya que, si lo hiciera, sería un ser [algo queexiste].&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;”Ser” conlleva la noción de no ser de esta manera.&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;Inclusoel más minucioso análisis de una pintura no puede revelar nada sobre el “ser”de la cosa dibujada en la pintura. Sin embargo, “vemos” algo más que elconjunto de aceite y pintura en el lienzo. Cuando vemos una pintura vemos el “ser”de lo que el pintor pintó. De alguna manera, la tautología “Ser es” (como el “&lt;i&gt;Εγώειμί ο ων&lt;/i&gt;”)&amp;nbsp;es la mejor manera que tenemos para describir lo quesentimos acerca de ese concepto que define todas las cosas que “son”. Y es degran importancia señalar que “Ser” no es lo mismo que “Existir”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Los humanos “somos” porque “existimos”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;La palabra “existir” proviene delas palabras griegas εξ-ίσταμαι, que significa “estar fuera de”. Los sereshumanos “son” debido a que pueden existir o, en otras palabras, porque puedenpermanecer fuera de sí mismos y cuestionar su propia existencia…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;3. Lógica y no solo fe&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Antes de que alguien contraargumente que todo estoson “indicaciones” y no pruebas científicas, sostengo que decir eso estotalmente erróneo. Es un gran error de los ateos y los agnósticos afirmar quetodos los argumentos a favor de la existencia de Dios “no son lógicos” osimplemente “falsos”. El trabajo de cada científico y persona sin prejuicios escuestionarlo todo. No es lógico decir que “podemos y debemos cuestionarlo todoy no debemos ser dogmáticos”, pero hay excepciones para esa regla. Si vamos acuestionarlo todo, entonces el dogma de la época materialista moderna de que “Diosno existe” también se debe cuestionar…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Debemostener en cuenta que para las cosas a las que se refieren todas estas preguntasmetafísicas (como cuál es nuestro propósito en la vida), hay pocas evidencias(es decir, no es algo como “Veo el universo y calculo la ley de la gravedad”).La metafísica es el dominio de las cosas “no medibles” que están fuera delámbito de la ciencia por definición. ﻿Aunque se podrían tener algunos datosduros sobre la estructura del universo y la forma de trabajar, tenemos queconfiar en la evidencia “suave” y la lógica “suave” (es decir, no “dura”,matemática) para que dar el “salto” necesario con el fin de explicar las cosasen el mundo metafísico. Las indicaciones mencionadas anteriormente es todo loque tenemos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ba2I0OqRZs8/TzlX2gjRo4I/AAAAAAAACvk/Njona8SJs00/s1600/2239355176_053f7eb010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="234" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ba2I0OqRZs8/TzlX2gjRo4I/AAAAAAAACvk/Njona8SJs00/s320/2239355176_053f7eb010.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Cabe señalar que al menos los que argumentan que existe un propósito en la vidatienen algunos indicios en los que basar sus argumentos, mientras que los queafirman que no hay absolutamente ningún propósito en la vida ni siquiera tienenindicaciones, solo especulaciones. La teoría de la evolución se basa en algunosfósiles. Y explica muy bien algunas cosas en el micronivel: cómo evolucionan ycambian algunas especies a lo largo del tiempo. Admito que la teoría de laevolución realmente funciona hasta cierto punto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Sin embargo, si se afirma que los peces evolucionarony llegaron a la tierra, no significa que hayamos explicado que no existe ningúnpropósito en la vida o que no exista Dios. Este es un salto lógico enorme queno explican en absoluto aquellos que privilegian la teoría de la evolución. Lomás importante: la teoría de la evolución explica el “cómo” hasta cierto punto(la frase “hasta cierto punto” es muy importante, por eso la repito), no el “porqué”. Incluso si un día todo es explicado por la teoría de la evolución...¿¡por qué todas las especies siguieron las leyes de esa teoría!?&amp;nbsp; ¿Tal vez debido a otra ley que dice que todaslas especies deben seguir las reglas de la evolución? ¿Y por qué existe esaotra ley? etc. etc. Debemos aceptar el hecho de que la humanidad tiene tan pococonocimiento acerca de nuestra existencia (¡aún no sabemos cómo funciona lagripe!) que es realmente divertido que alguien argumente que ha encontrado elpropósito de nuestra vida o que no tenemos ningún propósito en la vida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;No me gusta cuando alguien me dice que “se puedecreer que Dios existe, pero la ciencia ha demostrado que la teoría de laevolución no requiere que exista ningún dios”, por muchas razones:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;En primer lugar, soy un científico y mi lógica medice que algo de “esencia superior” existe. Todos los indicios (que hemencionado en el punto 2) junto con mi lógica común me “dicen” eso. &lt;b&gt;Misconclusiones se basan no solo en la fe, sino en pruebas (suaves) y en lógica(común). &lt;/b&gt;La fe es necesaria para dar el paso final desde la opción “esposible” al “Creo que esto es así”, pero esto es algo común para todas laspersonas y todas las cosas. No hay ningún conocimiento absoluto - incluso loscientíficos deben tener fe en algo para sacar una conclusión “final”. ﻿La fe noes el único componente de las cosas que digo. Y debemos señalar que estasindicaciones también dicen lo mismo a otros científicos. Ser “científico” nosignifica necesariamente que no creas en Dios ni en un propósito superior en lavida. Sin embargo, esta es mi lógica: la lógica de otra persona puede llegar aun resultado diferente teniendo los mismos datos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La lógica de Aristóteles le dijo que existía una “causaprimera”. Y nadie puede acusarlo de estar cegado por el dogmatismo cristiano… &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La lógica de Godel (el lógico másimportante después de Aristóteles) decía que Dios existe y que incluso encontróuna prueba lógica para ello [5] (buscar las pruebas de Godels en Yahoo! oGoogle). La lógica del científico que dirigió el proyecto para decodificar elADN humano por primera vez (el Dr. Francis Collins, director del proyecto delgenoma humano) también le dijo que Dios existía.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;En segundo lugar, es cierto que creo que Dios existe(“fe”), pero tengo también fuertes indicios para argumentar a favor de miopinión (“lógica”). Por otro lado, los que argumentan que no hay ningún Diostambién creen (tienen “fe”) que no existe, pero sin ninguna evidencia de lainexistencia de Dios (en particular, sostienen que a pesar de que la teoría dela evolución no lo explica todo ahora, creen que algún día lo hará. OK, cuandoasí sea, cambiaré lo que estoy escribiendo en este sitio, nigún problema).Ellos no tienen ninguna prueba para eso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;En tercer lugar, los seres humanos tienen muchas másherramientas para llegar a la verdad. Tenemos nuestros sentimientos y nuestraintuición. Y mis sentimientos e intuición me dicen que existe algo “superior” anosotros. Si alguien tiene la sensación de que nosotros - los seres humanos (oalgunas especies alienígenas que aún no hemos descubierto) – tenemos el nivelespiritual más alto del universo, lo puedo aceptar, pero tienen tantas “pruebasduras” como yo. No sabemos si nuestra lógica o nuestra sensación/intuición sonlos mejores guías de la verdad... Muchos matemáticos han utilizado su intuiciónpara formular teoremas que cada matemático cree hoy aunque no hayan sidoprobados todavía…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La ciencia y la religión, la religión y la cienciadeben trabajar juntas para completar las piezas del puzzle de la existenciahumana. Hasta que no tengamos pistas mejores, tenemos que confiar en lasindicaciones que tenemos y no “creer” que tenemos la respuesta correcta paratodo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La mayoría de la gente ha llegado a pensar que lareligión está relacionada con la fe, mientras que la ciencia es algo basado enla evidencia que vemos. Es cierto que la mayoría de nosotros piensa en lasmatemáticas y la física como el ámbito de la lógica y la evidencia dura. Lo quemostraré aquí es que la creencia mencionada anteriormente no es correcta: la “fe”es también un elemento básico e integral no solo de la religión, sino tambiénde la ciencia y la vida cotidiana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;3.1 Acerca de la fe&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Como dijo Sócrates, el gran filósofo griego, “debessaber de lo que hablas antes de hablar sobre ello”. Esto significa que primerodebemos definir el término “fe” para analizarlo. Dicho esto, utilizamos eltérmino “fe” en el presente artículo con la siguiente definición en mente: &lt;b&gt;Lafe es una creencia en la fiabilidad de una idea que no ha sido probada sinlugar a dudas. &lt;/b&gt;﻿&lt;b&gt;Sin embargo, esto no significa que la fe en algo se basesolamente en la imaginación.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;Mostraré que esa fe en la verdad de unsilogismo (por ejemplo, que hay una primera causa) puede basarse en laevidencia y la lógica.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;3.2 Fe en la ciencia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Los científicos utilizan la lógica para llegar aconclusiones, basadas en datos de observaciones. Dichas conclusiones se basanen una serie de creencias subyacentes muy sutiles. Estas creencias incluyen:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;Todolo que existe en el universo es materia y las leyes físicas. No debemos olvidarque el materialismo es un dogma subyacente de la mayoría de los científicosactuales y no una verdad que haya sido demostrada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background-color: white; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt; &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;(véase&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background-color: white; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/the-limits-of-science/2jszrulazj6wq/5"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Thelimits of science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;paraobtener más detalles sobre ese dogma de la ciencia).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;Lacreencia de que la “lógica” funciona correctamente: ﻿Esta creencia se utilizaprincipalmente en física, ya que en las matemáticas se ha demostrado que lalógica tiene defectos e inconsistencias (véase la paradoja de Russell y elteorema de la incompletitud de Godel).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;Lacreencia de que todas las leyes físicas se aplican a todo el universo: Porejemplo, podemos ver que la gravedad se aplica a nuestro sistema solar ycreemos que la misma gravedad se aplica también a las galaxias que todavía nohemos observado).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;Lacreencia de que la inducción lógica lleva a corregir las conclusiones: Esta esla base de la física más moderna. Al observar un fenómeno físico y, acontinuación, comprobar que el mismo fenómeno ocurre en un segundo, tercer ycuarto experimento, concluimos que el mismo fenómeno ocurrirá también en elsiguiente experimento Pero eso no es tan seguro. Es muy posible que hayamosobservado las tres excepciones a la regla y que todos los otros experimentosque realicemos ofrezcan un resultado diferente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;Lacreencia de que nuestros sentidos funcionan correctamente: Esto es deimportancia primordial, pero insistimos en olvidarlo. Nuestra percepción delmundo se basa en nuestros sentidos. No sabemos en qué medida se parece el mundoque sentimos a través de nuestros sentidos al mundo “real”. Tomemos por ejemploel color “rojo”. Vemos el “rojo”, por lo que concluimos que existe. Sinembargo, olvidamos que la mayoría de los animales no pueden ver el “rojo”. ¿Quées lo “real” después de todo? ¿El rojo existe o no?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;Lacreencia en el prójimo: Esto puede sonar extraño, pero es la base de nuestrasociedad científica. Cuando un científico publica una conclusión, el resto decientíficos confían en su palabra. Si un documento es publicado en unaprestigiosa revista científica, entonces “debe” ser verdad. Sin embargo, hemosvisto muchas veces que los científicos manipulan sus datos y publicanconclusiones “pioneras” falsas. Cuando los historiadores escuchan a un testigoocular que cuenta lo que ha ocurrido en un período determinado de tiempo,simplemente confían en él. Si no pruebas la conclusión por tus propios medios,tu creencia en lo que dicen los otros científicos principalmente se basa en lacuadrícula de confianza humana y solo en eso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;Lacreencia en que todas las cosas son medibles y que todos los fenómenos sepueden reproducir en un laboratorio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17pt; text-indent: 0cm;"&gt;Lacreencia de que los axiomas sobre los que basamos nuestras teorías son “ciertos”.¡Esta es LA FE MÁS IMPORTANTE de todas ellas! ¡Nunca debemos olvidar que TODASlas teorías se basan en axiomas y que NINGÚN axioma está demostrado! ¡Cambialos axiomas que desees y terminarás con una teoría diferente!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Las creencias mencionadas tienden a transformarse en“dogmas” cuando se nos olvida que estamos usándolas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Cuando nos olvidamos de que nuestrasconclusiones están basadas en esas creencias que no podemos estar seguros de suveracidad, nos convertimos en dogmáticos y dejamos de ser auténticoscientíficos. &lt;b&gt;Debemos reconocer nuestras limitaciones y seguirconsiderándolas y no ignorarlas.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Los siguientes ejemplos son solo una muestra muypequeña de casos donde los datos de pruebas “científicas” no bastan por símismos para respaldar una “cierta” conclusión sólida sobre el asunto bajoinvestigación. Se muestran aquí solo como una herramienta para que todosnosotros comprendamos que la fe es una parte básica de la mayoría de nuestrascreencias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZUUItAD_vLI/TzlYAVdQhfI/AAAAAAAACvs/kNNVLKeZhXQ/s1600/200px-franshals-portretvanrenc3a9descartes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZUUItAD_vLI/TzlYAVdQhfI/AAAAAAAACvs/kNNVLKeZhXQ/s1600/200px-franshals-portretvanrenc3a9descartes.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;4. Mal uso de la ciencia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Muchos ateos hoy en día utilizan la ciencia para suspropios fines. No hay mejor ejemplo que el caso de la teoría de la evolución…Estas personas (con Richard Dawkins en la primera línea) intentan establecer laidea de una “guerra” entre ciencia y religión, algo que simplemente no escierto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;4.1 La evolución como un accidente…&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;El mejor ejemplo del mal uso de la ciencia es elintento de aplicar la teoría de la evolución a la filosofía, a fin de mostrarque no hay ningún propósito de primera causa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Si no hay propósito en la vida, entonces debemosaceptar los principios de la teoría de la evolución, que afirma que somos unaccidente de la naturaleza, que existimos porque ocurrió por accidente. ﻿¿Y porqué existimos? Por ningún motivo particular! Esto es ilógico de cualquierforma: al decir﻿ que existimos sin ningún propósito en la vida, se anula elvalor de la vida humana, puedes decirles a todos que un ser humano o un plátanoes lo mismo. Y eliges ignorar todas las indicaciones que he mencionadoanteriormente: si no hay ningún propósito en la vida y el hombre es despojadocompletamente de cualquier “valor superior”, entonces ¿por qué todos los díasintentamos salir de nuestro cuerpo y crecer espiritualmente?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;4.2 Nuevos hallazgos científicos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Los nuevos hallazgos en la ciencia apuntan hacia unamirada diferente a nuestro mundo. La teleología (existencia de un propósito)parece encontrar su camino a través de la física. Ninguna teoría científicaindica que la causa deba existir siempre antes que el resultado. Diversosexperimentos de mecánica cuántica (por ejemplo, el experimento de la doblerendija) muestran que un electrón puede “decidir” si se comporta como unapartícula o una onda durante su recorrido solo después de que un ser humano lohaya visto. Y “decide” para toda la duración de su existencia - no sólo despuésde haber sido registrado en un detector de partículas, sino incluso antes.Además, la ley de la física parece tener límites Por otra parte, el universotiene una cantidad específica de potencia de procesamiento (si observas cadapartícula como un fragmento de información, entonces el universo es como unordenador gigante - según la teoría actual de la información) y esto significaque el universo puede calcular, por ejemplo, la posición de los planetas hastaun determinado punto decimal. Una mayor precisión tiene sus límites, inclusopara el propio cosmos. Las leyes del mundo de la física no son tan platónicas yperfectas como creíamos que eran. Esto, junto con el hecho de que los humanos,al ver el experimento de la doble rendija, ayudan al electrón determinar suexistencia, crea más espacio para la teleología: ﻿si el ser humano decide porel electrón, tal vez lo decida según las leyes del universo como un observadorde estas (o, en otras palabras, los planetas se mueven de la forma en que semueven para obedecer a su “propósito” de comportarse de la manera en que elobservador humano quiere lo hagan). ﻿Al igual que el electrón, cuya suexistencia está determinada por su objetivo (“propósito”), para tener unaspecto de partícula o de onda en un momento determinado de tiempo, la vidahumana puede ser como es debido a un propósito superior que tenemos en eluniverso, o debido a un propósito superior que el universo tiene para nosotros.Quizá el universo posea el propósito que debemos explicar y tenemos quealcanzar el propósito superior para alcanzar el nivel mental superior yconectar con el propio “universo” (“theosis”, “θέωση” en griego). ﻿Todavía nolo sabemos, pero la ventana de la verdad está abierta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0Z3KwHL5f2U/TzlYafL_MjI/AAAAAAAACv0/Pt50VZHTzyY/s1600/bookthinkgod.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0Z3KwHL5f2U/TzlYafL_MjI/AAAAAAAACv0/Pt50VZHTzyY/s1600/bookthinkgod.gif" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;4.3 Problemas con la teoría de laevolución&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Por otra parte, algunos aspectos de la teoría de laevolución no tienen aún respuesta: ¿Cómo evoluciona un sistema en algo más funcionalcon el tiempo? Sabemos gracias a la física que la entropía de cada sistema(medida cuantitativa del desorden de un sistema) aumenta con el tiempo (ley dela termodinámica). ¿Cómo es posible que las especies evolucionen porcasualidad? Experimentos con moscas y otros insectos han demostrado mutacionesaleatorias con el tiempo, pero ninguna de estas mutaciones ha resultado en unaespecie mejor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;En otras palabras, la teoría de la evolución hademostrado que se puede utilizar como una herramienta para analizar labiodiversidad, pero no como una herramienta para encontrar la verdad absolutasobre todo lo relativo a la vida…&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;El problema de la ética es otro gran problema que nopuede afrontar con la teoría de la evolución. Consulte mi Knol&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/evolution-and-intelligent-design-the/2jszrulazj6wq/3"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Evolutionand Intelligent Design&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;para obtener más detalles sobre la teoría de la evolución.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;4.4 La teoría de la evolución no esfalsable&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=610424173932358639" name="Do_not_let_dogmas_into_science"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Según Carl Popper, las teoríascientíficas deben ser siempre falsables: es decir, si se compila una nuevateoría científica, se debe indicar de qué manera o en qué caso se puededesmentir su teoría. Por ejemplo, una teoría que afirma que “todas las ranasson verdes” se desmienten cuando se descubre una rana negra. Sin embargo, lateoría de la evolución no se puede desmentir de ningún modo: después de ver unaespecie viva, la nombramos y la bautizamos como “apta para la supervivenci”. Sivemos a una especie extinguirse, la nombramos (después de observarla) como “noapropiada para la supervivencia”. No importa lo que observemos en lanaturaleza, la teoría de la evolución funciona después de la observación y noantes, por lo que la teoría no es falsable. El ejemplo más notorio de ello es elcaso del pez celacanto (Latimeria chalumnae).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Este pez estaba a punto de extinguirse en el periodo Cretácico, por lo que losbiólogos evolucionistas alegaron que no era apropiado para la supervivencia,así que se extinguió. ﻿Sin embargo, en 1938, se descubrió que el pez seguíavivo. Uno podría pensar que esto llevaría a la conclusión de que la teoría dela evolución estaba equivocada acerca del celacanto. ¡Pero no! Después deencontrar al pez vivo, los biólogos evolucionistas simplemente dijeron que “el pezera apropiado para la supervivencia y, por esto, sobrevivió”. ¡Tan simple comoeso! Y la vida continua…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;No se debe permitir que los dogmasguíen la ciencia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Todo lo anterior nos enseña una lección importante:No debemos permitir que nuestros dogmas (es decir, “materialismo”, “teísmo”, “ateísmo”,etc.) guíen nuestras conclusiones científicas. Pensemos libremente sin ningúnaxioma en mente. O al menos, hablemos libremente sobre los dogmas subyacentesde nuestras teorías para que otras personas los puedan juzgar adecuadamente…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Lamentablemente, la teoría de la evolución es unterreno de juego del dogma materialista que se extiende por el mundo en estosdías. Y las personas deben tener mucho cuidado al abordar el dogmatismo,&amp;nbsp; independientemente de dónde provenga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;5. La ciencia es expulsada de losseres humanos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Lo más importante que cabe destacar sobre la cienciade hoy es que la ciencia ha dejado de tener a la vida humana como su principalobjetivo desde hace mucho tiempo. En su esfuerzo por explicarlo todo, haolvidado que su objetivo principal es servir a los humanos y mejorar nuestracalidad de vida. Diciéndole a la gente que no somos más que polvo y agua,ciertamente no ayuda en este sentido (aunque, sin duda, le otorgará a algunaspersonas una buena financiación para investigar por qué las personas son tansimilares a los plátanos...). Si piensas axiomáticamente que el mundo constasolo de partículas y las leyes físicas que rigen su comportamiento, no tesorprendas si no puedes encontrar ninguna evidencia de la espiritualidad en eluniverso. ﻿Si crees axiomáticamente que no hay ningún propósito en nuestraexistencia, es más lógico que no puedas encontrar ninguna prueba de laexistencia de la finalidad en el cosmos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;No caigamos en la trampa de algunos ateos que deseantener una “guerra” entre la ciencia y otras formas de llegar a la verdad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;, como la filosofía o la religión. Lalógica es una herramienta tan válida como la intuición y el instinto. Hoymuchos ateos han intentado convertir en héroe a Galileo Galilei pordistorsionar los hechos sobre su juicio y su comportamiento general. Como diceel filósofo Paul K. Feyerabend, el caso de Galileo fue un episodio menor y enabsoluto importante de la vida de esa época. ﻿Galileo había hecho una promesa yhabía intentado ocultarse detrás de mentiras. Quiso llegar a un compromiso yfinalmente lo hizo. Después de eso, Galileo continuó exportando cosas de Italiaen secreto. Científico moderno, con aspecto de “héroe”, logró cambiar lahistoria de un “preso” asustado a la historia del enfrentamiento entre “gigantes”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/religion-and-science-unification-towards-religional-science#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[17]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/religion-and-science-unification-towards-religional-science#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[18]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/religion-and-science-unification-towards-religional-science#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[19]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La ciencia debe volver a unirse con la filosofía y -como en los tiempos de Aristóteles y Platón - tratar de llegar a la verdad conuna forma de pensar más integral. La ciencia debe comprender que los dogmas enque se basa son erróneos. La ciencia debe comprender que no todas las cosas sonmedibles (como la moral, las emociones, el amor) y que hay cosas que nuncapodremos conocer a través de la ciencia (véase el “teorema de la incompletitud”de Gödel).&amp;nbsp;Consulte el Knol&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/the-limits-of-science/2jszrulazj6wq/5"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Limitsof Science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;paraobtener más detalles sobre el camino equivocado que ha tomado la cienciamoderna.&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=610424173932358639" name="BM7_2E__Post_2D_Modern_Philosophy"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A53DMySwAz0/TzlYhD16IxI/AAAAAAAACv8/htTujNYK3U8/s1600/260px-Ludwig_Wittgenstein_by_Ben_Richards.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-A53DMySwAz0/TzlYhD16IxI/AAAAAAAACv8/htTujNYK3U8/s1600/260px-Ludwig_Wittgenstein_by_Ben_Richards.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Wittgenstein en su obra TractatusLogico-Philosophicus fue claro en una cosa: &lt;b&gt;¡las cosas que son de granimportancia en la vida son aquellas sobre las que no podemos hablar! &lt;/b&gt;Esposible que no podamos responder a la pregunta “¿Dios existe?”, pero eso nodice nada sobre la existencia real de Dios. Y esa pregunta - a pesar de lo quemuchos agnósticos “creen” - de hecho, es una de las más importantes: ¡saberquiénes somos y cómo vinimos es algo que debemos conocer todos! Como dijoHeidegger&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;&lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/religion-and-science-unification/2jszrulazj6wq/2#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[16]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;, podemos no saber lo que significa “es”,pero la búsqueda de su significado es lo que nos hace humanos...&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 16.85pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;Conclusión&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Como el &lt;b&gt;Panel Interacadémico (IAP - Red Mundialde Academias de Ciencias) &lt;/b&gt;afirmó en un anuncio que hizo para la teoría dela evolución el 21 de junio de 2006: “La comprensión humana de valor ypropósito están fuera del alcance de la ciencia natural. Sin embargo, una seriede componentes – científicos, sociales, filosóficos, religiosos, culturales ypolíticos – contribuyen a esta. Estos diferentes campos se deben consideraciónmutua, siendo plenamente conscientes de sus propias esferas de acción y suslimitaciones. Reconociendo las limitaciones actuales, la ciencia posee uncarácter abierto y se somete a correcciones y expansiones a medida que surgennuevos conocimientos teóricos y empíricos” [se puede ver el texto completo dela declaración&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.interacademies.net/Object.File/Master/6/150/Evolution%20statement.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;aquí&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;También es muy importante tener en cuenta que cuandoEdward J. Larson de la Universidad de Georgia en Estados Unidos intentó en 1997repetir un estudio anterior realizado en 1916 (por el conocido psicólogo JamesLeuba) sobre el porcentaje de científicos que creían en Dios, quedó muysorprendido al descubrir que el porcentaje siguía siendo el mismo a pesar delos grandes avances de la ciencia. Un 40% muy estable de los científicosencuestados (biólogos, matemáticos, físicos y astrónomos incluidos)respondieron que creían en la existencia de un dios, a pesar de losimpresionantes avances científicos en los años que han transcurrido [9]. Porotra parte, una encuesta de 2005 realizada a científicos de las principalesuniversidades de investigación demostró que más del 48% tenían una afiliaciónreligiosa y más del 75% creían que las religiones transmitían verdadesimportantes [11]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt;﻿&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Es más, en la encuesta mundial devalores que se lleva a cabo desde 1981,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;se demuestra que cuanto mayor es el nivel educativode una persona, es más posible que dicha persona sea religiosa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD"&gt; &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/religion-and-science-unification-towards-religional-science#references"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #7d181e; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;[22]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;Por lo tanto, ser religioso no esincompatible con ser científico, como algunas personas están tratando dehacernos creer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"&gt;La genteestá cansada del dogma (religioso o científico) y de la ciencia fría también.﻿Como conclusión final, se podría decir que debemos permanecer humildes frentea la sabiduría de la naturaleza, investigar como científicos, creer en el serhumano y su gran valor como teólogos y trabajar todos juntos para descubrir laverdad. ﻿Hacer las preguntas apropiadas a veces es más importante que conocerlas respuestas...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;Bibliografía&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;1.Common sense - Human Logic.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;2. 'Metaphysics', Aristotle.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;3. 'The Limits of Natural Selection asApplied to Man', Alfred Russel Wallace (S165: 1869/1870).&lt;br /&gt;4. 'Evidence for Belief', Francis Collins.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;5. 'Types, Tableaus, and Gödel's God',Fitting, M.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;6. Les Vrais Penseurs de notre temps(1989) (True Thinkers of Our Time), Guy Sorman.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;7. Über die Grenzen des Naturerkennens("On the limits of our understanding of nature"), Emil duBois-Reymond, 1872.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;8. "Reflections on Gödel’sOntological Argument", Christopher G. Small, University of Waterloo[http://www.stats.uwaterloo.ca/~cgsmall/Godel.final.revision.PDF]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;9. &lt;a href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_n22_v91/ai_19332942"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_n22_v91/ai_19332942&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;10. &lt;a href="http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/science_religion"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/science_religion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;11. Ecklund, E.H., and C.P. Scheitle.2007. Religion among academic scientists: Distinctions, disciplines, anddemographics. Social Problems 54(2):289-307.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 6.0pt 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; padding-top: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 15pt;"&gt;Referencias&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;1.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/science_religion"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Science andreligion: Reconcilable differences&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;2.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;The Dictionary of Philosophy, DagobertD. Runes, Philosophical Library, USA, New York &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;3.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.philosophynow.org/issue71/71midgley.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Purpose, Meaning&amp;amp; Darwinism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;4.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelian_view_of_God"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Aristotelianview of God [Wikipedia article]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;5.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretation_of_quantum_mechanics"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Interpretationof quantum mechanics [Wikipedia article]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;6.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.qcaustralia.org/Publications/2006/Pegg.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Causality inQuantum Mechanics, David T. Pegg, Physics Letters A 349 (2006), Elsevier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;7.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wheaton.edu/physics/faculty/wharton/causation_with_qm.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;http://www.wheaton.edu/physics/faculty/wharton/causation_with_qm.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;8.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00003229/01/SuarezCausalInference.pdf"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Causal Inferencein Quantum Mechanics: A Reassessment, Mauricio Suarez, Universidad Complutensede Madrid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;9.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/apriori.htm"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;A priori and a posteriori [InternetEncycopedia of Philosophy]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;10.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori_%28philosophy%29"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;A priori and aposteriori [Wikipedia]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;11.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Types, Tableaus, and Gödel's God,Springer, Series: Trends in Logic , Vol. 12, Fitting, M., 2002, 196 p.,Hardcover, ISBN: 978-1-4020-0604-3 &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;12.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Sein und Zeit, Martin Heidegger (inHeidegger's Gesamtausgabe), volume 2, ed. F.-W. von Herrmann, 1977, XIV, 586p. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;13.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Heidegger, George Steiner, FontanaPress, 1978. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;14.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/philosophy-mathematics/"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Philosophy ofMathematics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;15.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;The Mathematical Experience, P.J.Davis and R. Hersh, Birkhauser, 1980. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;16.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heidegger"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;Martin Heidegger [Wikipedia article]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;17.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Farewell to Reason, Paul K.Feyerabend, 1987, ISBN 0-86091-184-5, ISBN 0-86091-896-3. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;18.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0021.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0021.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;19.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://elfinspell.com/LiesandErrorsGalileo.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;http://elfinspell.com/LiesandErrorsGalileo.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;20.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.thinking-catholic-strategic-center.com/the-galileo-inquisition.html"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;http://www.thinking-catholic-strategic-center.com/the-galileo-inquisition.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;21.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://timpanogos.wordpress.com/2008/01/31/getting-the-story-straight-galileo-and-the-church/"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;http://timpanogos.wordpress.com/2008/01/31/getting-the-story-straight-galileo-and-the-church/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18.0pt;"&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;22.&lt;span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman';"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333; text-decoration: none;"&gt;World Values Survey Portal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-2782884000779210653?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/2782884000779210653/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/unificacion-de-ciencia-y-religion-hacia.html#comment-form' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/2782884000779210653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/2782884000779210653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/unificacion-de-ciencia-y-religion-hacia.html' title='Unificación de ciencia y religión – hacia una ciencia religional'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-onuHQFHXdA0/TzlWlkSZuQI/AAAAAAAACvE/lpuTT8nf3DQ/s72-c/250px-godthegeometer.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-3629164074951625450</id><published>2012-02-13T18:39:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-28T23:45:40.789+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='chess algorithm'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Huo chess'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='how to develop a chess program for dummies'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='chess'/><title type='text'>How to Develop a Chess Program for Dummies 3</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;gt; This Knol is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/search/label/how%20to%20develop%20a%20chess%20program%20for%20dummies" target="_blank"&gt;How to Develop a Chess program for Dummies Series&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;gt; Click&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-develop-chess-program-for_13.html" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;for the second lesson.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; position: relative; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.facebook.com/#%21/pages/Harmonia-Philosophica/124689684268350" style="color: #d52a33;" target="_blank"&gt;Harmonia Philosophica Facebook page&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; border-top-color: transparent; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; padding-top: 8px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Religion-Science Philosophy articles series&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Main Thesis:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/harmonia-philosophica-english.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Harmonia Philosophica [English]&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;(Credo quia absurdum!!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/limits-of-science.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The limits of science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/religion-and-science-unification.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Religion and Science unification - Towards religional science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/evolution-and-intelligent-design-way-to.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Evolution and Intelligent Design - The way to an agreement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/dark-side-of-technology.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The Dark Side of Technology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/dictatorship-of-science-of-psychiatry.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The dictatorship of the science of psychiatry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/02/earth-at-center-of-universe_12.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Earth at the Center of the Universe?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/source-of-ethics.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The Source of Ethics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/03/state-science-separation-is-it-time.html/" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;State - Science separation: Is it time?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/why-you-cant-be-agnostic.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Why you can't be an agnostic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/human-consciousness-and-end-of.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Human Consciousness and the end of Materialism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This lesson will&amp;nbsp;describe the Artificial Intelligence algorithm that one has to implement in order to have the chess program play chess.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to read this lesson&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In order to understand what is mentioned in this lesson, you must have downloaded the latest version of Huo Chess (currently v0.93). You should have the MS Visual Studio open with Huo Chess, while you read so that you can understand the article. Please contact me for any issues or questions at &lt;a href="mailto:skakos@hotmail.com"&gt;skakos@hotmail.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Places to download Huo Chess (source code and executable):&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Codeplex:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://huochess.codeplex.com/"&gt;http://huochess.codeplex.com/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Codeproject:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/game/cpp_microchess.aspx"&gt;http://www.codeproject.com/KB/game/cpp_microchess.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MSDN Code Gallery:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;a href="http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/Huo-Chess-C-C-VB-micro-fea2bb87"&gt;http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/Huo-Chess-C-C-VB-micro-fea2bb87&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The article that follows can also be found in the Codeproject site of Huo Chess.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I. Chess Algorithm Analysis&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The algorithm used in this program for the implementation of the computer thinking is the MiniMax algorithm for the latest version (C# 0.93) and the "Brute Force Algorithm" for the older C++ / VB / C# version. Huo Chess plays with the material in mind, while its code has some hints of positional strategic playing embedded (e.g. it is good to have your Knights closer to the center of the chessboard in the beginning). More analytically: When the program starts thinking, it scans the chessboard to find where its pieces are (see &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;function) and then tries all possible moves it can make. It analyzes these moves up to the thinking depth I have defined (via the &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; =&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; =&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; =&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; =&amp;gt; &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; path), measures the score (see &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CountScore &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;function) of the final position reached from all possible move variants and – finally – chooses the move that leads to the most promising (from a score point of view) position (&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;function).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C# v0.93 Kakos-Minimax algorithm summary&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OPLEJx-7H-A/T01K86_m_lI/AAAAAAAAC8w/wpzhV3T-6Sk/s1600/huochess1_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="481" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OPLEJx-7H-A/T01K86_m_lI/AAAAAAAAC8w/wpzhV3T-6Sk/s640/huochess1_2.jpg" width="640" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="display: block; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A high-level example of the progress of the main algorithm for versions 0.84 and older is as follows:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: Scans the chessboard and makes all possible moves&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: Checks the legality and correctness of these possible moves&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;(if thinking depth not reached) =&amp;gt; call &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;HumanMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;HumanMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: Checks and finds the best answer of the human opponent&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: Scans the chessboard and makes all possible moves at the next thinking level&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: Checks the legality and correctness of these possible moves&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;(if thinking depth not reached) =&amp;gt; call &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;HumanMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;HumanMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: Checks and finds all possible answers of the human opponent (&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: Previous (v0.84 and older) versions found only the best answer of the human opponent (by finding with which move the human earns more)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove6 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;/ ... &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: Scans the chessboard and makes all possible moves at the next thinking level&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: Checks the legality and correctness of these possible moves&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;(if thinking depth reached) =&amp;gt; record the score of the final position in the Nodes of the &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;MiniMax &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;algorithm&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The algorithm continues until all possible moves are scanned&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;MiniMax &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;algorithm is finally used to calculate the best move via the analysis of the thinking tree Nodes&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;You can SET &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;huo_debug&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;TRUE &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;to see live the progress of the computer thought while the computer thinks. Just press a key to move step-by-step into the Huo Chess inner mechanism… You can also uncomment the code lines that record the time the program requires to think its move, so as to have an idea of the time required by the processor to complete the thinking process.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TPDRqsSkVs8/T01J2BhsY_I/AAAAAAAAC8Y/j46I1nLl1WE/s1600/image4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TPDRqsSkVs8/T01J2BhsY_I/AAAAAAAAC8Y/j46I1nLl1WE/s400/image4.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;II. Huo Chess Thought Flow (v0.93 Simple-Minimax algorithm)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Below, I analyze the thought flow of the chess program. I will describe only the main steps and code segments, so as to show the way the computer scans the chessboard, conducts all possible moves and finally finds the better one. The function names appear in bold, i.e. &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; - Start indicates the beginning of the &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove()&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function. Be aware that some code segments may be slightly different from the code in the distributed ZIP file since I continuously change the program. As it appears, the "constant beta" state is the trend nowadays.&lt;strong&gt;ComputerMove – Start&lt;/strong&gt;When the computer thinking starts, the first thing to do is to initialize all the variables and store the initial chessboard position in an array.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt; store the initial position in the chessboard&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; iii1 = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;; iii1 &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;; iii1++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;for&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; jjj1 = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;; jjj1 &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;; jjj1++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Skakiera_Thinking_init[(iii1), (jjj1)] = Skakiera_Thinking[iii1, jjj1];&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;Call: CheckMove&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ComputerMove – Dangerous Squares filter&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The program then scans the chessboard and analyzes it in order to find the Dangerous Squares. These squares are the squares where the computer cannot move its pieces to, since they are protected by pieces of the other side. These Dangerous Squares analysis is conducted for every level of thinking and serves as a “filter”, so as to reduce the number of moves analyzed (this helps to the program speed) and make sure both sides do not “make” stupid moves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;DangerousSquares(Skakiera_Thinking, &lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;"ComputerMove0"&lt;/span&gt;, m_PlayerColor);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ComputerMove – Main Thinking&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Scan the chessboard ® find any possible move (&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;MoveFilter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; makes a pre-scanning of valid moves so as to increase the thinking speed).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Make the move temporarily&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;(Versions 0.82 and earlier called &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckHumanMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;to find the move of the human which wins more material – However newer versions analyze all possible moves of the human with MiniMax algorithm)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Call &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; [Chessboard with the move analyzed applied, is passed over as an argument]&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;ComputerMove_2(Skakiera_Thinking);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CheckHumanMove2 / CheckHumanMove 3 / CheckHumanMove 4...&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deeper thinking is implemented by respective thinking functions.&amp;nbsp;Each one has as input the chessboard array from the previous one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CountScore&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Every move score is measured (if the move is legal and correct). These scores are stored in the &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;NodesAnalysis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;array (see below). The scoring function is the heart of the program. It currently takes into account mainly material values, with some positional considerations for the opening phase of the game (i.e. if &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;Move &amp;lt; 11 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;it is not good to move your Queen or else a small “scoring penalty” is imposed). The optimization of that function is key to the increasing of the computer play strength.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thinking Depth - End&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When we have reached the thinking depth (i.e. when we have reached the &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;function which we have defined as the last one in the chain of analysis), we store the chessboard scores of the thinking tree nodes for every thinking depth level (applies for version 0.93 and newer).&amp;nbsp;These nodes are then going to be used in the MiniMax algorithm to find the best move.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt; Record the node in the Nodes Analysis array (to use with MiniMax algorithm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_1_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;] = Temp_Score_Human_before_2;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_2_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;] = Temp_Score_Human_after_2;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_3_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;] = Temp_Score_Human_before_4;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_4_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;] = Temp_Score_Human_after_4;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_5_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;] = Temp_Score_Human_before_6;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_6_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;] = Temp_Score_Human_after_6;&lt;/div&gt;For every node, we also store the number of the parent node:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt; Store the parents (number of the node of the upper level) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_1_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_2_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] = NodeLevel_1_count;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_3_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] = NodeLevel_2_count;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_4_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] = NodeLevel_3_count;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;NodesAnalysis[NodeLevel_5_count, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] = NodeLevel_4_count;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;MiniMax algorithm&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;This is required for the MiniMax algorithm implementation (see &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimax"&gt;&lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimax&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; on how this algorithm works): We start from the lower level nodes and go up to the beginning of the tree, like in the schema that follows:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4O_uuKLI_80/T01KGAp1i_I/AAAAAAAAC8g/7lW7_STeYRU/s1600/300px-Minimax_svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4O_uuKLI_80/T01KGAp1i_I/AAAAAAAAC8g/7lW7_STeYRU/s1600/300px-Minimax_svg.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suppose the game being played only has a maximum of two possible moves per player each turn. The algorithm generates the tree shown in the figure above, where the circles represent the moves of the computer AI running the algorithm (&lt;em&gt;maximizing player&lt;/em&gt;), and squares represent the moves of the human opponent (&lt;em&gt;minimizing player&lt;/em&gt;). For the example’s needs, the tree is limited to a &lt;em&gt;look-ahead&lt;/em&gt; of 4 moves.The algorithm evaluates each &lt;em&gt;leaf node&lt;/em&gt; using the &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CountScore &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;evaluation functions, obtaining the values shown. The moves where the &lt;em&gt;maximizing player&lt;/em&gt; wins are assigned with positive infinity, while the moves that lead to a win of the &lt;em&gt;minimizing player&lt;/em&gt; are assigned with negative infinity (this is again for illustration purposes only – infinity will not happen in the game as it is currently developed). At level 3, the algorithm will choose, for each node, the &lt;strong&gt;smallest&lt;/strong&gt; of the &lt;em&gt;child node&lt;/em&gt; values, and assign it to that same node (e.g. the node on the left will choose the minimum between "10" and "+8", therefore assigning the value "10" to itself). The next step, in level 2, consists of choosing for each node the &lt;strong&gt;largest&lt;/strong&gt; of the &lt;em&gt;child node&lt;/em&gt; values. Once again, the values are assigned to each &lt;em&gt;parent node&lt;/em&gt;. The algorithm continues evaluating the maximum and minimum values of the child nodes alternately until it reaches the &lt;em&gt;root node&lt;/em&gt;, where it chooses the move with the largest value (represented in the figure with a blue arrow). This is the move that the player should make in order to &lt;em&gt;minimize&lt;/em&gt; the &lt;em&gt;maximum&lt;/em&gt; possible loss.In order for the program to calculate the best move, a number of “&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;for &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;loops” are applied so as to make the abovementioned backwards computation possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (counter7 = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;; counter7 &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= NodeLevel_7_count; counter7++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;{ &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (counter8 = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;; counter8 &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= NodeLevel_8_count; counter8++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;{ &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (NodesAnalysis[counter8, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] == counter7)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;{ &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (counter8 == &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;NodesAnalysis[counter7, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;] = NodesAnalysis[counter8, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;];&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;if&lt;/span&gt; (counter8 &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;if&lt;/span&gt; (NodesAnalysis[counter8, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;] &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt; NodesAnalysis[counter7, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;]) NodesAnalysis[counter7, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;] = NodesAnalysis[counter8, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;];&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;After the algorithm has reached the root node, the move with the best score is selected.&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;[Maximum thinking depth] – End&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;III. Huo Chess Thought Flow (v0.93 Kakos-Minimax)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this section, I analyze the thinking algorithm for version 0.93 (Kakos-Minimax edition) or for versions&amp;nbsp;0.84 and older. Below, I illustrate the step-by-step process of the computer's thought for a thinking depth of 2. Let's see the "step" boxes to understand the way the program is structured.&lt;strong&gt;Scenario Details&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Computer Level: Maitre (ThinkingDepth = 2)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;- Start&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 1&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;START&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;Move_Analyzed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; = 0&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. If the first time called -&amp;gt; store initial chessboard position.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;2. if( Move_Analyzed &amp;gt;Thinking_Depth )&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;3. Stop_Analyzing = true;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;4. if( Stop_Analyzing = false)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;5. Scan chessboard. for iii, jjj&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;6. Scan chessboard, find a piece of the HY , conduct move,&amp;nbsp;check correctness and legality of move, and if all is OK, then call CheckMove to measure the score of the move.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Call: &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;- Start&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Number of moves analyzed ++.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Check correctness and legality of move.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Check if there is a mate on the chessboard.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If the move is correct and legal, then do it.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Check if there is a pawn to be promoted.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Store move to ***_HY variables because, after many calls of &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; functions, the initial values of the move analyzed will be lost.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If this is the first move analyzed, then record it as the correct "best" move, no matter how bad it is.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 2&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;IF result: FALSE Move_Analyzed = 0&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;if(&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;Move_Analyzed &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;= &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;Thinking_Depth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Measure the score of the move and record it as "best" move if it is larger than the score of the so-far best move score.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 3&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;IF result: TRUE Move_Analyzed = 1&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;if (&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;Move_Analyzed &amp;lt; Thinking_Depth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;HumanMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;- Start [&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;HumanMove_Template &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;for v0.93]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 4&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Find the best answer of the &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;Human (Move_Analyzed &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;= 1).Version 0.93: Find ALL possible human moves&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Scan the chessboard -&amp;gt; find any possible move.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Call &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckHumanMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [redundant in v0.93]&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Store the chessboard score before and after the human move.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckHumanMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;- Start&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;voidCheckHumanMove(array&amp;lt;String^, 2&amp;gt;^ CMSkakiera_Human_Thinking)&lt;br /&gt;Count the score of the move and record it as "best" if its score is better than the so-far best move.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In v0.93 and newer: Record the score before and after the human opponents makes his move.Those scores are recorded in the Nodes Analysis array and will be used for the MiniMax algorithm at the end (to evaluate the best move).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckHumanMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;- End&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conduct the best move of the human [conduct all possible human moves in v0.93].&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;Move_Analyzed = Move_Analyzed + &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;; Who_Is_Analyzed = &lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;"HY"&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt;(i = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;; i &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;;i++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;for&lt;/span&gt;(j = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;; j &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;; j++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Skakiera_Move_After[(i),(j)]=Skakiera_Human_Thinking[(i),(j)];&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 5&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;Move_Analyzed = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 6&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CALL next &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function for next-level move analysis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;Move_Analyzed = 2 if(Move_Analyzed == 2)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;this-&amp;gt;ComputerMove2(Skakiera_Move_After);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;else if(Move_Analyzed == 4)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;this-&amp;gt;ComputerMove4(Skakiera_Move_After);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;else if(Move_Analyzed == 6)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;this-&amp;gt;ComputerMove6(Skakiera_Move_After);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;else if( Move_Analyzed == 8 )&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;this-&amp;gt;ComputerMove8(Skakiera_Move_After);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;// Call ComputerMove2 to find the best next move of the HY (deeper thinking)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 7&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scan the chessboard and find the best move for the computer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;Move_Analyzed = 2 voidComputerMove2(array&amp;lt;STRING^, /&amp;gt;^ Skakiera_Thinking_2)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;// Same as…ComputerMove if(Move_Analyzed has not reached thinking depth) {&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;// Same as…ComputerMove: Call CheckMove -&amp;gt; HumanMove -&amp;gt; next ComputerMove etc&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;// (If we haven't reached the desired level of analysis, then the HumanMove&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;// will be called again, then again the ComputerMove function etc.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="text" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 8&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Return to a previous &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (i.e. &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove4 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;calls &lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) function to continue the analysis.&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;Move_Analyzed = 2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;(at the end of the analysis this variable will be equal to 0, see Step 9).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt; Return to the ComputerMove function of the 'previous' thinking &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt; level to continue the analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;Move_Analyzed = Move_Analyzed - &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;Who_Is_Analyzed = &lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;"HY"&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt;(i = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;; i &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;; i++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;for&lt;/span&gt;(j = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;; j &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;; j++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Skakiera_Thinking[i,j] = Skakiera_Move_0[i,j];&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;- End&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;HumanMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;- End&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;CheckMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;- End&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;//&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt; close for iii, jjj loop// close if( Stop_Analyzing = false ) segment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;If no legal move is found -&amp;gt; we have MATE!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Step 9&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Version 0.93: Apply the MiniMax algorithm to reach to the best move.Play the move with the highest score. Now it is the Human's turn to play.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (move_analyzed==0){&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Check if it is good to conduct castling.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;"Redraw" the chessboard with the best move found.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Move the rook next to the king, if castling occurred.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Check if a pawn is promoted (at the current version computer always promotes a pawn to queen).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Now it is the turn of the other player (human) to play!&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;else&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Move_Analyzed = Move_Analyzed - &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Who_Is_Analyzed = &lt;span style="color: purple;"&gt;"HY"&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;for&lt;/span&gt;(i = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;; i &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;; i++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;for&lt;/span&gt;(j = &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;; j &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;= &lt;span style="color: navy;"&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;;j++)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Skakiera_Thinking[i,j] = Skakiera_Move_0[i,j];&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div lang="C++" style="margin-top: 0;"&gt;}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span style="color: #990000; font-size: small;"&gt;ComputerMove &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;– End&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Other resources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One can find the same article published in Codeproject at &lt;a href="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/game/cpp_microchess.aspx"&gt;http://www.codeproject.com/KB/game/cpp_microchess.aspx&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;strong&gt;Next Lessons&lt;/strong&gt;In the next lesson, I will analyze a little bit more the MiniMax algorithm.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-3629164074951625450?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/3629164074951625450/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-develop-chess-program-for_4923.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3629164074951625450'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3629164074951625450'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-develop-chess-program-for_4923.html' title='How to Develop a Chess Program for Dummies 3'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OPLEJx-7H-A/T01K86_m_lI/AAAAAAAAC8w/wpzhV3T-6Sk/s72-c/huochess1_2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-1116946230466059010</id><published>2012-02-13T18:28:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-29T00:01:11.664+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='chess algorithm'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Huo chess'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='how to develop a chess program for dummies'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='chess'/><title type='text'>How to Develop a Chess Program for Dummies 2</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; position: relative; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.facebook.com/#%21/pages/Harmonia-Philosophica/124689684268350" style="color: #d52a33; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Harmonia Philosophica Facebook page&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; border-top-color: transparent; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 18px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;&lt;div style="color: #333333; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;b style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;Religion-Science Philosophy articles series&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="color: #333333; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Main Thesis:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/harmonia-philosophica-english.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Harmonia Philosophica [English]&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;(Credo quia absurdum!!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;div style="color: #7d181e; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/limits-of-science.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The limits of science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/limits-of-science.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Religion and Science unification - Towards religional science&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;div style="color: #333333; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/evolution-and-intelligent-design-way-to.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"&gt;Evolution and Intelligent Design - The way to an agreement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/dark-side-of-technology.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The Dark Side of Technology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/dictatorship-of-science-of-psychiatry.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;div style="color: #7d181e; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; text-decoration: none;"&gt;The dictatorship of the science of psychiatry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="color: #333333; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/02/earth-at-center-of-universe_12.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"&gt;Earth at the Center of the Universe?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/source-of-ethics.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"&gt;The Source of Ethics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/03/state-science-separation-is-it-time.html/" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;State - Science separation: Is it time?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;div style="color: #333333; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/why-you-cant-be-agnostic.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit;"&gt;Why you can't be an agnostic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/human-consciousness-and-end-of.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;Human Consciousness and the end of Materialism&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.addtoany.com/share_save?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fknol.google.com%2Fk%2Fhow-to-develop-a-chess-program-for-dummies-2%23&amp;amp;linkname=How%20to%20develop%20a%20Chess%20Program%20for%20Dummies%20-%20Lesson%202"&gt;&lt;img alt="Share/Bookmark" border="0" height="16" src="http://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_171_16.png" style="border-width: 0;" width="171" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;gt; This Knol is part of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/search/label/how%20to%20develop%20a%20chess%20program%20for%20dummies" target="_blank"&gt;How to Develop a Chess program for Dummies Series&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&amp;gt; Click&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-develop-chess-program-for.html" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;for the first lesson.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In the previous (first) lesson we learned about how to create a new project in Microsoft Visual Studio environment. We also learned the basics about object oriented programming - i.e. variables, functions and classes. I demonstrated how one can get user input from the keyboard and store it in a variable, how to create new functions and how to create new classes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/huochessgui1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="450" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/huochessgui1.jpg" width="338" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Huo Chess - The program we will code&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this second lesson we will learn how to develop the game's structure (i.e. the loop structure that reads/waits for user input) and the chess engine of our chess program (i.e. the Artificial Intelligence of the application). We will set the starting position of the chessboard, get user input for the human opponent's move and then start scanning the chessboard to find the best possible move. We will also show how to use the debugging mode to help us look inside the mechanism of the program and how it works.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Method of Teaching&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The method of teaching will be as follows: I will analyze in small chapters every aspect of the full chess program, explain in simple words its purpose and how it works and&amp;nbsp;I will show a characteristic part of&amp;nbsp;the C# source code that implement it. With all&amp;nbsp;that you will be able to go to the respective function&amp;nbsp;which implements that aspect&amp;nbsp;in "Huo Chess" and understand how it works in high level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;In that way after this lesson you will be able to read the whole source code of the complete Huo Chess game and at least be able to understand how it works and what every command in it does. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hopefully much more than you ever imagined to do after just two lessons...!!!&lt;/strong&gt;This will give you access to the depth of programming as no other tutorial is able to give you. You will not spend weeks after weeks so as to understand how to write a "Hello World" program, but you will be able to experiment on your own and test your own hypothesis on the real "thing".The &lt;strong&gt;commands used in the program are simple and you shouldn't have a problem with them&lt;/strong&gt;. I mostly use "if" and "for" commands, which we have analyzed in the previous lesson. Don't hesitate to contact me for any clarifications you may need.However you must understand that &lt;strong&gt;this lesson will not explain &lt;/strong&gt;how every function works in full detail. &lt;strong&gt;This is the subject of lessons to come.&lt;/strong&gt; A program like that is complicated and even though you may understand what a function does in general and know all the commands used, you may not be able to grasp the full detail at this stage you are now. Patience is the only good advice I can give you...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Important Note - Learning material&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In order to follow the lesson you must download the Huo Chess application &lt;strong&gt;source code&lt;/strong&gt;. You can download it for free from Codeplex at &lt;a href="http://huochess.codeplex.com/"&gt;http://huochess.codeplex.com/&lt;/a&gt; (the downloaded file contains all versions of Huo Chess, so be sure you use the C# version - it is tagged as 'cs' version in the folder you download) or from MSDN at &lt;a href="http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/cshuochess"&gt;http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/cshuochess&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In every chapter below I will note explicitly which Huo Chess part is the part I am describing. Look for the "Huo Chess Point" tag to find where in the Huo Chess source code is the thing we talk about.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Our progress so far&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The program we have developed so far&amp;nbsp;justs initiates a screen and asks the user to enter his/her preferred colour. In this lesson I will demonstrate how to build on the knowledge earned inthe previous lessons and develop a complete and fully functional&amp;nbsp;game application.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;The main program loop&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Any game has a main loop which continually "looks" for user input. In case the user presses a key (or in our case, makes a move), it does "something" (in our case it thinks for the best move to make). You have to program that never-ending loop on your own. In our case we will design a never-ending loop that will continuously check for user input and call the computer chess engine in case the user enters a move.&amp;nbsp;When the user enters a move, the program will stop from checking for input and start thinking its answer. As soon as the computers stops thinking and makes a move in the chessboard,&amp;nbsp;the application will once again start waiting for new user input.&amp;nbsp;The code will be as simple as that:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;bool exit&amp;nbsp;= false;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;do{&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;[check for user input]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if user enters move&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;{[check user move validity]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;[if move entered is valid =&amp;gt; call computer chess engine to answer]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;[if move entered is not valid =&amp;gt; prompt for error and do nothing!]&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;}&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;}while(exit == false);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;What does that code do? It is based on a &lt;strong&gt;do...while&lt;/strong&gt; loop which continues to loop until the condition inside the parenthesis next to "while" is set to false. It is a rather intuitve set of commands. Until the condition in the "while" (at the bottom of the code segment) becomes true, the set of commands inside the do...while block will continue to execute. So practically the program will continually be in that loop and will exit only when the user enters a move (we will see in details how that is performed).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Huo Chess Point:&lt;/strong&gt; You can see the respective&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt; loop in Huo Chess at the Main(&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;[] args) function. The Main function of a C# program is the funtion which is loaded when the program starts. So this is the best place to enter that loop w&lt;/span&gt;hich reads user input.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Setting the chessboard&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In order for the game to begin, we must set up the chessboard. The best way to store the chessboard into memory is by using a new kind of variable called "array". You can visualize an array as a "table" of values. An array can have as many dimentions as we wish. As you may have thought already, in our chess program we need a 2-dimentions table that will represent the chessboard.The two dimensions array which the program uses as a virtual representation of the chessboard is declared with the following command:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;static&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;String&lt;/span&gt;[,] Skakiera = &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;new&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;String&lt;/span&gt;[8,8];&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;We then use function Starting_position()to fill in that table with the values of the chess pieces. The values are quire straightforward. I enter "White Rook" to represent a white rook, "Black Bishop" to represent a black bishop and so on. In order to note a move (either from the human player of from the computer) you just have to change the initial chessboard square value and the destination chessboard square value.&lt;strong&gt;Huo Chess Point:&lt;/strong&gt; You can see the source code which sets the chessboard starting position in the Starting_position() function.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Human plays a move&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;When the human enters a move, this move is recorded in the following way:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;////////////////////////////&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// Human enters his move&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;////////////////////////////&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.WriteLine(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;""&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.Write(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"Starting column (A to H)..."&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;m_StartingColumn = &lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.ReadLine().ToUpper();&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.Write(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"Starting rank (1 to 8)....."&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;m_StartingRank = &lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Int32&lt;/span&gt;.Parse(&lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.ReadLine());&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.Write(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"Finishing column (A to H)..."&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;m_FinishingColumn = &lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.ReadLine().ToUpper();&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.Write(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"Finishing rank (1 to 8)....."&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;m_FinishingRank = &lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Int32&lt;/span&gt;.Parse(&lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.ReadLine());&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// show the move entered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;String&lt;/span&gt; huoMove = &lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;String&lt;/span&gt;.Concat(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"Your move: "&lt;/span&gt;, m_StartingColumn, m_StartingRank.ToString(), &lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;" -&amp;gt; "&lt;/span&gt; );huoMove = &lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;String&lt;/span&gt;.Concat( huoMove, m_FinishingColumn, m_FinishingRank.ToString() );&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #2b91af;"&gt;Console&lt;/span&gt;.WriteLine( huoMove );&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;We use the &lt;strong&gt;ReadLine command&lt;/strong&gt; to read user input from the keyboard. The input (in this case the move parameters) is stored in the variable we will enter in the left side of the operation in the command.The .ToUpper();function converts the text entered by the user to uppercase letters. This is required because we have only uppercase letters in some "if" statements later in the program.We then use the &lt;strong&gt;WriteLine command&lt;/strong&gt;to show that move on the screen, as a verification that it has been entered and processed by the program.In summary, the program uses the following variables:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Variable &lt;strong&gt;MovingPiece &lt;/strong&gt;records the piece that is being moved.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Variable &lt;strong&gt;StartingColumn &lt;/strong&gt;records the column of the starting square&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Variable &lt;strong&gt;StartingRank &lt;/strong&gt;records the rank of the starting square&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Variable &lt;strong&gt;FinishingColumn &lt;/strong&gt;records the column of the destination square&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Variable &lt;strong&gt;FinishingRank &lt;/strong&gt;records the rank of the destination square&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;These variables are then used in the validation checks (see next chapter).&lt;strong&gt;Huo Chess point:&lt;/strong&gt; Look at the Enter_move()function to see how the program stores the parameters of the move the human player enters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;How to use Debug Mode - Part 1&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;You can have a look at how the program stores values in the abovementioned variables by debugging the program. Debugging is the process of analyzing how the program actually works while it is executed, so as to f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;ix any possible bugs. In order to do that you must follow the following steps:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Set Breakpoints&lt;/b&gt;: Breakpoints are points in the program where you want the debugger to stop execution and let you see what is happening inside your code. You usually set breakpoints at places you expect to have errors or at places you want to examine more closely if they work correctly. Go to line 461 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: lime; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;and left-click on the margin at the left of the code window to set a breakpoint as in the following figure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="display: inline; margin: 5px 0 0 10px; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/1setbreakpoint1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="262" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/1setbreakpoint1.jpg" width="420" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Set a new breakpoint by clicking on the left margin of the source code window [click on image to enlarge]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Run the application in debugging mode: &lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Start the program in debugging mode by pressing F5.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"&gt;3. The application will execute.&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; Choose&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;white colour as human and enter a move.The program &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;will start flling in the values of the move you entered in the respective variables we mentioned. Because you have a breakpoint it will stop executing exactly after it has stored these values.You will then see the code screen on your monitor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;4. You can now see the values stored in each of these variables and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt; understand more on how the program works. Just hover with your mouse above the name of the variables in the source code window and you will see the value attached to each variable! Easy huh?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="display: inline; margin: 5px 0 0 10px; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/2seevaluesofvariables21.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="262" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/2seevaluesofvariables21.jpg" width="420" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;See values stored in variables during debugging by hovering over the variable &lt;em&gt;[click on image to enlarge]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;Press &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;F5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt; to continue executing the program or choose Stop Debugging to exit debugging mode.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;b&gt;Human move validation checks&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;When the human player enters his/her move the computer must first check of the move is valid. The program makes two kind of validation checks for a move:&lt;strong&gt;1. Checks the legality of the move&lt;/strong&gt;(this is performed by the ElegxosNomimotitas function - where 'Elegxos' stands for 'Check' in Greek and 'Nomimotita' stands for 'Legality' in Greek): This check is related to the kind of move performed. A bishop can move only in diagonals, so if the human player attempts to move a bishop in a horizontal way, the move is not "legal".&lt;strong&gt;2. Checks the correctness of the move &lt;/strong&gt;(this is performed by the ElegxosOrthotitas function - where 'Elegxos' stands for 'Check' in Greek and 'Orthotita' stands for 'Correctness' in Greek): If the player attempts to move a piece to a square that is already taken by another piece of the same colour, then the move is not "correct". In the same way, if the player attempts to move to a square but another piece exsts in the way towards that square, then the move again is not "correct".We will analyze how these functions work in the next lesson. They are rather "simple" functions that use only the "if" and the "for" commands. For now, just consider them as "black boxes" which you can feed with the variables mentioned above and they return a true-false value that you can use to determine legality and correctness of move. The program calls these functions with the following commands:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// Check correctness of move entered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;m_OrthotitaKinisis = ElegxosOrthotitas(Skakiera);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// check legality of move entered&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// (only if it is correct - so as to save time!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt;( m_OrthotitaKinisis == &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;true&lt;/span&gt; )&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; m_NomimotitaKinisis = ElegxosNomimotitas(Skakiera);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;else&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; m_NomimotitaKinisis = &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;false&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These commands are a normal call to a function (as we showed in the previous lesson) and stored the legality / correctness of the move (true / false) in the NomimotitaKinisis / OrthotitaKinisis variables.You should have noticed that the program does not bother to call the function ElegxosNomimotitasif the correctness of the move is found to be false in the previous validation check. This is for performance purposes only: there is no need to make more validation checks for legality if the move is not correct.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Huo Chess Point:&lt;/strong&gt; You can see the respective functions in the program at the Enter_move() function.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;How to use Debug Mode - Part 2&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;You can have a look at how the program analyzes the legality of a move entered by using debugging mode, as we did in the previous chapter:First, enter a breakpoint in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: lime; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;line 4065 of the application, where the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;ElegxosOrthotitas function is called.Then enter a second breakpoint at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: lime; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;line 4070 where the result of the legality check is stored in the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;NomimotitaKinisis variable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="display: inline; margin: 5px 0 0 10px; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/3setnewbreakpoints1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="262" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/3setnewbreakpoints1.jpg" width="420" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Set breakpoints where legality and correctness validation checks are performed &lt;em&gt;[click on image to enlarge]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;Now run the program in debugging mode by pressing F5.Choose white as your colour and try to enter e2 =&amp;gt; d3&amp;nbsp;as your first move. This is obviously a wrong move. You will see that the program stops at the first breakpointyou have set. Press F5 to go to the second breakpoint. There you will see the legality of the move being stored in the NomimotitaKinisis variable.Hover your mouse over that variable's name in the source code window and you will see the value of the variable appearing. So you have now verified that your program conducts the correct legality checks. That check is crucial because you might have the move rejected as illegal not due to le&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;gality issue but due to a correctness issue (see above for the difference between the two). This is the only way to see under the hood and verify that everything is indeed working the way you want them to.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"&gt;Computer Thinking Process&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;After the human opponent plays a move and the computer accepts it, it is now the turn of the AI to initiate so as to find the best answer. The logic of the program is simple:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;It scans the chess board to find where its pieces are.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Then the computer makes all possible moves in the chessboard.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;It searches and finds the best human answer to each of the moves found in the previous step.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;It continues thinking in more depth by applying steps 2 and 3 over and over again.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;Let's start analyzing each step slowly, one at a time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;A. Scanning the chessboard&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;A simple nested "for" (nested = a for loop inside another for loop) loop is used for the scanning of the chessboard, so as to find where all the pieces of the compute are. You can see that full loop here (I have removed some sections which do not matter right now, leaving just the commands which conduct the main work in the chess engine):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (iii = 0; iii &amp;lt;= 7; iii++)&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (jjj = 0; jjj &amp;lt;= 7; jjj++)&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (((Who_Is_Analyzed.CompareTo(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"HY"&lt;/span&gt;) == 0) &amp;amp;&amp;amp; ((((Skakiera_Thinking[(iii),(jjj)].CompareTo(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"White King"&lt;/span&gt;) == 0) || (Skakiera_Thinking[(iii),|| ......... (Skakiera_Thinking[(iii), (jjj)].CompareTo(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"Black Pawn"&lt;/span&gt;) == 0))&amp;amp;&amp;amp; (m_PlayerColor.CompareTo(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"Black"&lt;/span&gt;) == 0)))))&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; w = 0; w &amp;lt;= 7; w++)&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; r = 0; r &amp;lt;= 7; r++)&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; // Changed in version 0.5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Danger_penalty = &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;false&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Attackers_penalty = &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;false&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Defenders_value_penalty = &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;false&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;MovingPiece = Skakiera_Thinking[(iii), (jjj)]; &lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;m_StartingColumnNumber = iii + 1;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;m_FinishingColumnNumber = w + 1;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;m_StartingRank = jjj + 1;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;m_FinishingRank = r + 1;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Moving_Piece_Value = 0;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Destination_Piece_Value = 0;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// Calculate the value (total value) of the moving piece&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;.........&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// Find the value of the piece in the destination square&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;.........&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;CheckMove(Skakiera_Thinking);&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The "if" statement checks whether the piece detected is a piece of the same colour as the colour of the computer. If yes, the program proceeds with the next steps of the thinking process (after some checks about the dangerousness of the destination square, which I have ommited here for clarity purposes).&lt;strong&gt;Huo Chess point:&lt;/strong&gt; Look at lines 2583-2700 of ComputerMove(&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;[,] Skakiera_Thinking_init) function for the abovementioned main chess engine loop. This loop is reffered to in the followin steps as well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;B. Finding all possible moves&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The first thing to do in order to find the best move, is to find all the possible moves that the computer can make in the current chessboard position. Huo Chess uses a very simple and brute way to find all possible moves: it actually attempts to move every piece in every possible square of the chessboard and then checks the legality and the correctness of these moves. Every move that has legality=true and correctness=true is a valid move worth analyzing!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;The code that performs the moving of all pieces to all possible directions is:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; w = 0; w &amp;lt;= 7; w++)&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;int&lt;/span&gt; r = 0; r &amp;lt;= 7; r++)&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;MovingPiece = Skakiera_Thinking[(iii), (jjj)];&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;m_StartingColumnNumber = iii + 1;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;m_FinishingColumnNumber = w + 1;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;m_StartingRank = jjj + 1;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;m_FinishingRank = r + 1;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;.........&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;CheckMove(Skakiera_Thinking);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In particular, this nested "for" loop stores every possible value as destination square parameters (in the m_FinishingColumnNumber and m_FinishingRankvariables respectively). The computer "makes" the moves in the 2-dimensions tables (virtual chessboards) we use to represent the chessboard in the computer memory. "Making" the move actually means that the program stores the starting and destination square parameters in the respetive variables.The code then calls the &lt;strong&gt;CheckMove(Skakiera_Thinking)&lt;/strong&gt; function to see if that move is valid or not and - if yes - the same function (&lt;strong&gt;CheckMove(Skakiera_Thinking)&lt;/strong&gt;) rates the move to see how good it is.This function is another key ingredient of the game: it is the functions which performs the analysis of the move and rates it. We will have a separate lesson for the function only in the future lessons. For now you need to know that this function rates all moves, after it has reached the thinking depth we have set.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The code in &lt;strong&gt;CheckMove(Skakiera_Thinking)&lt;/strong&gt; checks the legality and correctness of every possible move by using the ElegxosNomimotitas and ElegxosOrthotitas functions that we mentioned above (see lines 1743-1746 in the CheckMove(&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;[,]&amp;nbsp; CMSkakiera) function).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Every move that passes the legality and correctness checks is conducted by the program so as to find the best of them (see next steps right below).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;C. Rating each move analyzed&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Each possible move must be analyzed and rated. After all possible moves have been analyzed and rated, the computer simply chooses the best move (i.e. the move with the best rating). The rating of each move is calculated by the program with the help of the CountScore(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue; text-align: justify;"&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="text-align: justify;"&gt;[,] CSSkakiera) function. After the computer has reached the thinking depth we have set, it sends the final position it has reached to the CountScore function and the latter calculates the score of that position.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;You can see part of the CountScore function here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (CSSkakiera[(i), (j)].CompareTo(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"White Pawn"&lt;/span&gt;) == 0)Current_Move_Score = Current_Move_Score + 1;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;else&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (CSSkakiera[(i), (j)].CompareTo(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"White Rook"&lt;/span&gt;) == 0)&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;.........Current_Move_Score = Current_Move_Score + 5;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;}&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;..................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;else&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (CSSkakiera[(i), (j)].CompareTo(&lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;"Black Rook"&lt;/span&gt;) == 0)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;.........&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;Current_Move_Score = Current_Move_Score - 5;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;As you can see the way it works is very simple: It just scans the chessboard with a nested for statement and adds points when if finds white pieces and subtracts points when it finds black pieces. The final score is then a clear indication of who wins the game at the current position.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;Huo Chess point: Look at lines 2880 for the CountScore(&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;string&lt;/span&gt;[,] CSSkakiera)function.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;b&gt;D. Deciding on the best move&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;The final decision of which move to play is conducted in the CheckMove function with the following set of commands:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// DO THE BEST MOVE FOUND&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; (Move_Analyzed == 0)&lt;br /&gt;{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span lang="EL" style="color: green;"&gt;// Επαναφορά της τιμής της &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;Stop&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EL" style="color: green;"&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;Analyzing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EL" style="color: green;"&gt; (βλ. πιο πάνω)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stop_Analyzing = &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;false&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// REDRAW THE CHESSBOARD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;// erase the initial square&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; (iii = 0; iii &amp;lt;= 7; iii++)&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;for&lt;/span&gt; (jjj = 0; jjj &amp;lt;= 7; jjj++)&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;{&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Skakiera[(iii), (jjj)] = Skakiera_Move_0[(iii), (jjj)];}}MovingPiece =&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Skakiera[(Best_Move_StartingColumnNumber - 1), (Best_Move_StartingRank - 1)];&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Skakiera[(Best_Move_StartingColumnNumber - 1), (Best_Move_StartingRank - 1)] = &lt;span style="color: #a31515;"&gt;""&lt;/span&gt;;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;.........&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;// position piece to the square of destination&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: green;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Skakiera[(Best_Move_FinishingColumnNumber - 1), (Best_Move_FinishingRank - 1)] = MovingPiece;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"&gt;These commands tell the computer to use the parameters of the Best Move (where the best move that has so far been found is stored) and then make the move.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;b&gt;Next lesson&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In the next lesson we will analyze deeper the chess engine algorithm that is used to make the computer think and actually play chess.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;What we have accomplished&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this second lesson, we have accomplished the following not-so-trivial tasks:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Understood how the game loop is used to read input from the game's user.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Outlined the thinking process of the computer.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Understood what each function used in the AI process does at high level.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Had a look inside some functions of the program.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Looked at how we can use the debugging mode to see the mechanisms of the program.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Until the next time, happy coding and experimenting!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;b&gt;How to Develop a Chess Series updates&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Update 2011-09-29: &lt;/strong&gt;The &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/copy-of-how-to-develop-a-chess-program/2jszrulazj6wq/105#view"&gt;third lesson&lt;/a&gt; with the chess algorithm analysis is now published!&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-1116946230466059010?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/1116946230466059010/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-develop-chess-program-for_13.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1116946230466059010'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/1116946230466059010'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-develop-chess-program-for_13.html' title='How to Develop a Chess Program for Dummies 2'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-7952901037287013658</id><published>2012-02-13T18:18:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-28T23:57:57.750+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='chess algorithm'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Huo chess'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='how to develop a chess program for dummies'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='chess'/><title type='text'>How to Develop a Chess Program for Dummies</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.addtoany.com/share_save?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fknol.google.com%2Fk%2Fhow-to-develop-a-chess-program-for-dummies%23&amp;amp;linkname=How%20to%20develop%20a%20Chess%20Program%20for%20Dummies%20-%20Lesson%201"&gt;&lt;img alt="Share/Bookmark" border="0" class="aligncenter" height="16" src="http://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_171_16.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" width="171" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&amp;gt; This Knol is part of the &lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/search/label/how%20to%20develop%20a%20chess%20program%20for%20dummies" target="_blank"&gt;How to Develop a Chess program for Dummies Series&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;gt; Click &lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-develop-chess-program-for_13.html" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; for the second lesson.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: transparent; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0.6em; position: relative;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.facebook.com/#%21/pages/Harmonia-Philosophica/124689684268350" style="color: #d52a33;" target="_blank"&gt;Harmonia Philosophica Facebook page&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; border-top-color: transparent; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; padding-top: 8px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Religion-Science Philosophy articles series&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Main Thesis:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/harmonia-philosophica-english.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Harmonia Philosophica [English]&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;(Credo quia absurdum!!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/limits-of-science.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The limits of science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/religion-and-science-unification.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Religion and Science unification - Towards religional science&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/evolution-and-intelligent-design-way-to.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Evolution and Intelligent Design - The way to an agreement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/dark-side-of-technology.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The Dark Side of Technology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/dictatorship-of-science-of-psychiatry.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The dictatorship of the science of psychiatry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/02/earth-at-center-of-universe_12.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Earth at the Center of the Universe?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/source-of-ethics.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;The Source of Ethics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/03/state-science-separation-is-it-time.html/" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;State - Science separation: Is it time?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/why-you-cant-be-agnostic.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Why you can't be an agnostic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/human-consciousness-and-end-of.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Human Consciousness and the end of Materialism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Programming is a simple thing, despite of what you may have heard. However many people feel intimidated by modern computer technology and do not even consider trying to program an application of their own because they are afraid it requires too much knowledge. The truth is that the only things required for you to program is the will to work and learn and a structured way of thinking. No quantum mechanics, no nuclear physics, no relativity theory or advanced mathematics required...Great programmers are people who just like to experiment. Great programmers are people who just try different new things on their computers until they find what "works" (and then have other people treat them as "gods" because they know it).This is the first article of a series of articles showing how to program a full-featured chess program in a modern programming language. Chess programs some of the most complicated applications existing and developing one can be intimidating to many experienced programmers. This article will show that this is NOT the case.The basis for this Programming a Chess Program for Dummies tutorials is the "Huo Chess" program. The final deliverable will be something like the program shown in the following figure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/huochessgui1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" class="aligncenter" height="450" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/huochessgui1.jpg" style="border-color: initial; border-style: initial; border-width: 0;" width="338" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;Huo Chess - The program we will code&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;Huo Chess is one of the smallest open source chess applications. It is an application that I have personally developed and distribute as fully open source via many channes in the Internet. One can dowload it for free from the &lt;a href="http://code.msdn.com/cshuochess"&gt;MSDN Code Gallery&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.codeplex.com/huochess"&gt;Codeplex Huo Chess site&lt;/a&gt; or its &lt;a href="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/game/cpp_microchess.aspx"&gt;Codeproject page&lt;/a&gt;. In the series I will analyze how one can program the computer to play chess. The final "deliverable" will be the full Huo Chess program as it can be found in the Internet.&lt;strong&gt;Note&lt;/strong&gt;: An intermediate / advanced programmer can go directly to the above links and download the Huo Chess source code so as to study it directly. Please contact me for any questions on the code or the algorithm either&amp;nbsp;via email (&lt;a href="mailto:skakos@hotmail.com"&gt;skakos@hotmail.com&lt;/a&gt;) or via comments in this Knol. However, even though the source code of my chess is heavily commented,&amp;nbsp;starting looking directly at the full program source code&amp;nbsp;without first reading the lessons I have posted here at Google Knol&amp;nbsp;is not advised for beginner programmers.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Method of teaching&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The method I will use for teaching you how to program is by example. The "try to do something and see what happens" may sound like a bad method, but it is actually the best when it comes to computers programming.&amp;nbsp;As long as you have kept a backup of all your valuable files, you must and should try anything&amp;nbsp;with programming if you really want to lern!&amp;nbsp;That is why I will show practical steps you need to follow and I will guide you through every stage of the programming process, without first giving a 100-page lecture on the theory or the basic pronciples of programming. You will be taught the theory you need to know as we progress through the steps of building the chess game. That method is the method actually used by programmers in the 1980's. We used to experiment with new things, try new techniques and learn from our mistakes. There is no better way of learning than experimenting and doing mistakes. You will never learn from something you did right in the first place!The language of choice is C# and the tool we are going to use the Microsoft Visual Studio. However please note that I have created and distributed versions of the "Huo Chess" also in C++ and in Visual Basic. Feel free to seach for the free source code in the Internet (I am now trying to create a Commodore version).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Getting started&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first thing you need, is the tool with which you will program. You can download the Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 - Express Edition from the respective &lt;a href="http://www.microsoft.com/Express/"&gt;Microsoft Visual Studio Express Edition&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;site. The "Express" editions of MS Visual Studio are completely free to download and they include all the programming tools and features&amp;nbsp;a novice, intermediate or even an advanced programmer needs. After you donwload it, installing it is what is keeping you from programming your first game application!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Installing Visual Studio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After you have downloaded the MS Visual Studio - Express Edition, you will have to install it. Installing the Visual Studio is no more complex than the installation of any other program.You just double-click the file you downloaded and the installation will automatically begin. Normally, the setup will install the Microsoft .NET Framework if it isn't already installed in your computer (the .NET Framework is required for the Visual Studio to operate - Huo Chess requires .NET Framework 2.0 or above to work) and the Visual Studio. An icon with the characteristic sign of the Visual Studio will appear in your desktop.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Using Visual Studio&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Double-click the icon of the Microsoft Visual Studio to begin programming. The Integrated Developement Environment (IDE) of the Visual Studio will appear and you are now ready to make your application.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="256" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies11.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Create a new project&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First you need to create a new project. Go to the menu and click File -&amp;gt; New -&amp;gt; Project.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="257" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies21.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From there you must choose the language in which you will develop your program. We will write our chess in C# so we must select Visual C# -&amp;gt; Windows -&amp;gt; Console Application (later we will show how we can also program the same game in C++ or other languages).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies31.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="257" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies31.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A console application is an application with no graphics. We will start developing our chess game Artificial Intelligence engine as a console application in the beginning and afterwards, when the computer can think and play chess, we will add graphics (that will be the final step in this programming tutorial series). Name the new project "Huo Chess tutorial" and press OK. Visual Studio will do its work and create all the initial things required for you to start developing.The project is by default saved in a folder with the name you specified, that resides in the My Documents/Visual Studio folder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Start developing&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After you have created your project, you can start programming. The window will initially look like this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;That is a good point to say some things about programming. Programming in one of the modern languages of today entailes using three elements:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Variables&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Functions&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Classes&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;All programming uses these three elements and if you master them properly then you can do everything. I will try to explain these elements in summary in the lines below.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Variables&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The variables used in a program are the elements which store values, that are used in the program. Variables come in many types depending on the type of data they will be used for. For example you can declare an integer variable to store integer values, or a float variable to store numbers with a decimal segment, or a String variable to store text.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;The first variable we will use in our program in the variable which will store the color of the human player in the game. In particular, after the human player starts our game he/she should choose the colour with which he (excuse me ladies for using the "he" instead of the "he/she", but I am a man so I am used to it) will play.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;We will declare our variable in the class program by entering the code public static String m_PlayerColor; as seen in the following figure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies51.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" class="aligncenter" height="258" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies51.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some clarifications are needed here: Every command in C# must end with semicolon (;). Secondly, we declared the variable as public which in short means that it will be visible from every part of our program (the opposite, private variables can be accessed only inside the function/class we declare them in). The static keyword should not concern you at the time (it actually means that only one instance of the variable can be created as the program executes, but we wll have more on that later on the tutorial series).You can then define the value of that variable by hard-coding it in your program. Try to enter m_PlayerColor = "Black"; in the Main function of your program and then print it to screen with the command&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Console.WriteLine(m_PlayerColor);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;as seen in the next figure (in fact I have added a Writeline command more as you can see).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies61.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" class="aligncenter" height="257" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies61.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Compile the program&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;The first thing you must do when programming a change in your program is to save your work. Select File -&amp;gt; Save All... to save all the changes you made. After you have saved the program, you may want to execute it in order to see what you have done. Before a program is executed, it must first be compiled. Compiling a program means converting the programming language file you just saved to a form readable by the machine (i.e. machine language, which is comprised of 010101's). Select Build -&amp;gt; Build solution to do that as illustrated in the following figure. If you have followed the steps above, no errors will exist and the compiler will notify you that the solution was successfully built.Then select Debug -&amp;gt; Start without debugging (or simply press Ctrl + F5) to start/execute your program. The following will show.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies91.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" class="aligncenter" height="257" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/progchessfordummies91.jpg" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px;" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ou have just created your first program which includes declaring a variable and printing it to screen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Note about the graphics&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The graphics of the chessboard will be added at the final stage of the project (we will use the XNA Framework, but you don't need to know anything about it at this point).Right now we will focus on developing the chess engine algorithm which is the most difficult part. That is why we started by developing a console application (i.e. an application without graphics). We will worry about the graphics after we have created a fully functional chess AI engine.Let us now say some things more about functions and classes as promised.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Functions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Functions are code segments which require some input to perform a specific action and produce a specific result. For exaple you can have a function that adds two numbers called Add_numbers. The code for that function will look something like that (you do not have to code anything in your Huo Chess project now, this is just for theory education purposes):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt; int Add_numbers(int Number1, int Number2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; int Result;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Result = Number1 + Number2;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; return Result;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The code is simple and intuitive, isn't it? The "int" in the beginning declares that this function will return an integer number as the result of the process it implements. The two integer variables in parenthesis declare the input required for the funtion to work. That is why when you need to call that function you should call it in a way like the one listed below:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;int myAddResult;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;myAddResult = Add_numbers(5, 6);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The above code calls the function Add_numbers by giving it the input of number 5 and 6. The result will be the function to return the value of 11 (= 5 + 6) which we have allocated to variable myAddResult.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Object Oriented Programming&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Functions and variables can be used in creating objects. These objects are called classes and are the cornerstone of the Object Oriented Programming (OOP) you may have heard many times before.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Classes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But how do you create and use objects? First, you have to declare the class of the object. For example, if you want to create an object called ‘Blue Calculator’, you must first create and declare a class of objects called Calculator. Define the parameters of that class: the variables it will be using (i.e. the color of the calculator, the numbers which the user will enter in the calculator by pressing the buttons + the result that the calculator will print on its screen) and the methods (or functions) that the calculator will utilize in order to reach the result (i.e. functions for adding numbers, subtracting number etc).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;The definition of that class will have the following scheme (independent of what the programming language you use may be):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;class Calculator&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; // Variables&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Number_type number1;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;Number_type number2;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Number_type Result;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Color_Type Calculator_Color;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; // Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Function Add(number1, number2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Print “The result is:”, (number1 + number2);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Function Sutract(number1, number2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; {&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Print “The result is:”, (number1 – number2);&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; }&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; } // End of class definition&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The two slash (//) text are comments. Whatever you write after these slashes is not taken into account by the compiler. It is considered best practice to write comments in your code.After you have properly declared your class of objects, you can create as many objects of that class you like and use them in your program. For example you can create a new blue color calculator by writing a command that could look something like that:Calculator my_calculator = new Calculator(Blue);You can then use the member-variables and member-functions of the calculator with commands like:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;Integer no1 = 2;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Integer no2 = 7;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Print “Result = ”, my_calculator(Add(no1, no2));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; // this should print ‘9’ in the screen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; my_calculator.number1 = 20;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Print “Result = ”, my_calculator(Add(my_calculator.number1, no2));&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; // this should print ‘27’ in the screen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The specific commands again depend on the programming language you use, but you get the meaning. It is all too easy: Declare class =&amp;gt; Create new object of that class =&amp;gt; Manipulate / define parameters of the new object =&amp;gt; Use member functions of that object to generate the result they are designed to generate.It may be difficult for you to grasp, but ALL programming in ANY language (C++, C#, Visual Basic, Java etc) are based on that logic. What is more, the languages themselves have some ready-made classes that you can use to develop your programs! For example, Visual C++ and C# in the Microsoft Visual Studio has a stored class for Buttons. To add a button to your application, you just write:Button my_button = new Button();&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; my_button.color = Blue;&lt;/div&gt;You don’t have to reinvent the wheel! That simple (and I think you understand what the second command does, without telling you…)! I keep repeating myself, in order for you to stop fearing the unknown realm of programming and just…start programming! The ready-made classes (or even simple functions) are usually stored in packets called ‘libraries’. Add the library you want in your program and them just use any class / function it contains.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Classes you already use without knowing it&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You may think that all the above have nothing to do with the code you just wrote. But you would be wrong. Your program, even at this initial stage, uses many classes without you knowing it! Actually Microsoft has developed some classes that facilitate programming for Windows and you are using these classes with the "using" statements in the beggining of your code. You do not have to know more details about that now, just be aware that you can program your chess because someone else have already developed and implemented a great number of classes in order to helo you do that.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;A good example of classes you already use if the Console command you wrote in order to print the player's color. Remember that the command looked something like that:&lt;/div&gt;Console.WriteLine(m_PlayerColor);The above code actually uses the class Console and calls one of its member-functions: the WriteLine function (that is why the dot is required: to call members of classes as we said above). That functions requires input: the text that you want to display. That is what we write in the parenthesis!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Intellisense&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Visual Studio has embedded features that help you know which are the members of the various classes and how to use them. So when you write "Console" and then enter a dot, the Intellisense of VStudio produces a list with all available member variables and functions of that class. You will find yourself more comfortable with the use of Visual Studio and C# only after you have tried to use many of the functions appearing in that list on your own and see what happens. Remember, experimenting and doing mistakes is the only way to learn!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Get user input&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a similar way to printing something to the screen, you can get user input. You will find that very useful when you want the user to enter his/her move for the chess game. In this point, we will require the user to enter his color of choice by using a function similar to Writeline: the Readline. See the figure below on how that can be accomplised.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The code is simple and straightforward. You print instructions to the screen and then read the input from the user. When the user presses "Enter", the value he entered is allocated to the m_PlayerColor variable which is then printed on the screen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Next lesson&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the next lesson we will learn how to instantiate the chess board, build the Artificial Intelligence engine of the program and the program's user interface structure. Until then, try to enter the following code in the program:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;if (m_PlayerColor == "Black")&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Console.WriteLine("My first move is: e2 -&amp;gt; e4");&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; else&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Console.WriteLine("Please enter your first move!");&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Save, compile and run the program. You will see that if the player enters "Black" the program "plays" a first move! Well, actually this is not the way we will use to develop our AI (using "if" statements is not the way to make the machine think), but what I want to note and emphasize here is the simplicity of programming in general. All you need is will to learn!!!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;What we have accomplished&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this first lesson, we have accomplished many things which are listed below:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Created our first project in MS Visual Studio.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Learned how to save, compile and execute the project via Visual Studio.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Learned how to print text on the screen.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Learned how to use variables and read user input from the user.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Gave a look at our first code structure command ("if" command).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Learned about functions and classes.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Understood the basics of Object Oriented Programming.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Until the next time, happy coding and experimenting! &lt;a href="http://wholinkstome.com/url/knol.google.com/k/how-to-develop-a-chess-program-for-dummies#"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://wholinkstome.com/images/wltm_1.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;How to Develop a Chess Series updates&lt;/b&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Update 2009-06-04: Due to other obligations the next lesson is not going to be published as soon as I expected to. However I am in the process of writting it and it WILL be published as soon as I can.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Update 2009-07-30: The new lesson of the series is now published&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Update 2011-09-29: The &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/spiros-kakos/copy-of-how-to-develop-a-chess-program/2jszrulazj6wq/105#view"&gt;third lesson&lt;/a&gt; with the chess algorithm analysis is now published!&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-7952901037287013658?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/7952901037287013658/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-develop-chess-program-for.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/7952901037287013658'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/7952901037287013658'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/how-to-develop-chess-program-for.html' title='How to Develop a Chess Program for Dummies'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-72228279049986479</id><published>2012-02-12T23:56:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-13T00:01:13.024+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='philosophy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='free books'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='free philosophy resources'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Portal - Free philosophy in the Internet</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Religion-Science Philosophy articles series&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; border-top-color: transparent; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 18px; padding-top: 8px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;b style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;Religion-Science Philosophy articles series&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Main Thesis:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/harmonia-philosophica-english.html" style="color: #7d181e; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Harmonia Philosophica [English]&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="color: blue;"&gt;(Credo quia absurdum!!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/limits-of-science.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;The limits of science&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/religion-and-science-unification.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Religion and Science unification - Towards religional science&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/evolution-and-intelligent-design-way-to.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Evolution and Intelligent Design - The way to an agreement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/dark-side-of-technology.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;The Dark Side of Technology&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/dictatorship-of-science-of-psychiatry.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;The dictatorship of the science of psychiatry&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/02/earth-at-center-of-universe_12.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Earth at the Center of the Universe?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/01/source-of-ethics.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;The Source of Ethics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2011/03/state-science-separation-is-it-time.html/" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;State - Science separation: Is it time?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/why-you-cant-be-agnostic.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Why you can't be an agnostic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2010/08/human-consciousness-and-end-of.html" style="background-color: white; color: #7d181e; font-family: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank"&gt;Human Consciousness and the end of Materialism&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/180px-immanuelkant28paintedportrait291.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/180px-immanuelkant28paintedportrait291.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.addtoany.com/share_save?linkurl=http%3A%2F%2Fknol.google.com%2Fk%2Fphilosophy-portal%23&amp;amp;linkname=Philosophy%20Portal"&gt;&lt;img alt="Share/Bookmark" border="0" height="16" src="http://static.addtoany.com/buttons/share_save_171_16.png" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px;" width="171" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style="text-align: left;"&gt;Scope of the Portal&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This page is intented to be a portal for philosophy knowledge available for &lt;strong&gt;free&lt;/strong&gt; on the World Wide Web. All links stated here are pointing to sites containing articles or texts that one can download or read online with no charge at all (free). This page intends to play the role of a good starting point for knowledge seeking. &lt;strong&gt;The goal is to provide links that lead directly to information and not just links to other pages.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pages that simply contain links to other pages are not included (with the exception of&amp;nbsp;one or&amp;nbsp;two collections of philosophy links that are the major collections of their kind in the internet).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Abbreviations used&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Each link / resource contained in this portal is one of the following types:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;I. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Direct&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; - The resource cited is a &lt;strong&gt;direct link to a text or a book&lt;/strong&gt; and not a link to other links.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;II. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Search&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; - This means that the resource is a search engine related to philosophy matters.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;III. &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Links&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt; - This means that the resource is a collection of important philosophy sites. Only one or two of the resources in this portal will be of that category, as stated in the "Scope" section.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The purpose is to provide mainly sources of the first category, so as to facilitate direct access to knowledge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Philosophy resources&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;The list below contains the basic Internet portals on philosophy that should get you started in the field of knowledge seeking. They are the most well known and trustworthy resources that can provide enough data on every subject known from the time of Plato and Aristotle. The list will be updated constantly.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/MainTopi.aspx"&gt;Episteme Philosophy Links&lt;/a&gt;: A very informative collection of links on almost all philosophy subjects. It contains almost 100% valid links with a small description next to each. &lt;em&gt;[category: Links]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://noesis.evansville.edu/"&gt;Noesis Philosophical Research&lt;/a&gt;: A specialized online search engine for philosophical subjects. It uses the Google search engine machine to find information on subjects related to philosophy by searching the most relevant academic resources available. Contains directories of online journals. &lt;em&gt;[category: Search]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://eserver.org/philosophy/"&gt;Philosophy Collection&lt;/a&gt;: A great online collection of philosophy books. It is&amp;nbsp;important to note that it&amp;nbsp;does not contain links to other sites, but the philosophy books themselfs (which you can read or download from there). This is an excellent stop for your philosophical inquiries. &lt;em&gt;[category: Direct]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/"&gt;The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy&lt;/a&gt;: One of the most valid and trustworthy philosophical&amp;nbsp;resources on the web. It contains detailed data for all philosophy subjects written in well fashioned and structured manner. A professionally peer-reviewed resource. &lt;em&gt;[category: Direct]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/"&gt;Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy&lt;/a&gt;: Excellent free resource for philosophy. Maintained by the Stanford University, it contains excellent articles on all philosophy subjects, written by authors who are well known in their fields. The place to start your philosophical inquiries. &lt;em&gt;[category: Direct]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.philosophynow.org/"&gt;Philosophy Now Magazine&lt;/a&gt;: One of the best places to start&amp;nbsp;philosophizing. An online journal on philosophy with everything you can imagine, from theism to machine ethics. &lt;em&gt;[category: Direct]&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ditext.com/encyc/frame.html"&gt;Meta-Encyclopedia of Philosophy&lt;/a&gt;: The best resource for online articles on philosophical subjects. It contains direct links to the most trustworthy philosophical encyclopedias for a vast list of articles. Everything you might want to know in one page!&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/"&gt;Harmonia Philosophica&lt;/a&gt;: A portal with&amp;nbsp;philosophical articles and Philosophy Wires (comments on breaking world news with the help of philosophy).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Please report to me (via email or with a comment in this page) any problems with the links as soon as you detect them. I am always available to answer any questions regarding the list.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/dsc004771.jpg"&gt;&lt;img alt="" border="0" height="420" src="http://harmoniaphilosophica.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/dsc004771.jpg" width="235" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Online Books&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In the catalogue below I have included important philosophical works of great philosophers. All of these books are available for free to download, but please keep in mind that &lt;strong&gt;specific copyright laws may be applicable in your country&lt;/strong&gt; - please make certain that you do not violate any of these laws before accessing the resources I have entered. Report to me any resources that violate copyright laws so that I remove them.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/results"&gt;Books with "philosophy" in title @ Gutenberg project&lt;/a&gt;: A list of books that contain "philosophy" in their title and that can be downloaded for free from the Gutenberg project. [Source: Gutenberg project]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Philosophical_Logic/Prolegomena"&gt;Introduction to Philosophical Logic&lt;/a&gt;: An online free book that provides an introduction to philosophy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/5740"&gt;Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus by Ludwig Wittgenstein&lt;/a&gt;: The masterpiece of Wittgenstein that marked the post-modern philosophy. Wittegenstein is considered to be one of the most importand 20th century philosophers and this is considered to be his most important contribution to philosophy. A very difficult work to read and understand. [Source: Gutenberg project]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4280"&gt;The Critique of Pure Reason&lt;/a&gt;: A work by Immanuel Kant which revolutionized the way we think about Logic.&amp;nbsp;One of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. [Source: Gutenberg project]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/5684"&gt;The Metaphysical Elements of Ethics &lt;/a&gt;: A book by Kant for ethics. [Source: Gutenberg project]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ditext.com/runes/index.html"&gt;Dictionary of Philosophy by Runes&lt;/a&gt;: A full-features dictionary of philosophy edited by 72 authorities. Your starting-point for every definition of philosophical&amp;nbsp;terms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/7253536/Heidegger-Being-and-Time-300Dpi-Eng"&gt;Being and Time&lt;/a&gt;: The philosophical masterpiece by Heidegger. The first time the question of what "being" actually means after the days of Heracletus and the pro-Socratics. A very difficult work to read and understand. Due to the language used by Heidegger it is considered "untranslatable". Prefer the German prototype if you know German. Knowing Greek will also help a lot since it contains numerous references to the etymology of Greek words. [Source: www.scribd.com]&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Any comments or recomendations for adding a book are highly appreciated. The list will be constantly updated with new records. Happy reading!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 style="text-align: justify;"&gt;Philosophical doctrines&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;In this section I include links to the major philosophical schools that exist. Studying these schools is very useful for every person that wants to deal with philosophy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dualism/"&gt;Dualism&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; [Source: &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/philosophy-portal#references"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/functionalism/"&gt;Functionalism&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;[Source: &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/philosophy-portal#references"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/"&gt;Physicalism (Materialism)&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;[Source: &lt;a href="http://knol.google.com/k/philosophy-portal#references"&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Please keep coming as the list will be updated continuously.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-72228279049986479?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/72228279049986479/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-portal-free-philosophy-in.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/72228279049986479'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/72228279049986479'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-portal-free-philosophy-in.html' title='Philosophy Portal - Free philosophy in the Internet'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-3606430375089404801</id><published>2012-02-12T18:03:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-12T18:05:35.474+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='EU'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Greece'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='politics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='economy'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Greece - EU = Gauls - Romans?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-DUZdpZxevFU/Tzfi00xHgrI/AAAAAAAACus/bJXmtKr9--E/s1600-h/phpOhM5PuAM%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="phpOhM5PuAM" border="0" alt="phpOhM5PuAM" align="right" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-D3Wi8a5xwyI/Tzfi2GVxfVI/AAAAAAAACu0/eTCORG8JKK4/phpOhM5PuAM_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="281" height="212"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-12]: Greece is ready to vote new measures. As if we have implemented the previous measures we votes… EU is afraid of what will happen if we do not vote the measures. As if they did anything for not implementing the previous measures… The Gaul village of Asterix, Obelix and all the other crazy Gauls is the best simile for Greece. And the (even crazier) Romans who can never catch the Gauls is the best simile for EU… All in all, very good stuff for a new comic…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-3606430375089404801?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/3606430375089404801/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-greece-eu-gauls-romans.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3606430375089404801'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/3606430375089404801'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-greece-eu-gauls-romans.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Greece - EU = Gauls - Romans?'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-D3Wi8a5xwyI/Tzfi2GVxfVI/AAAAAAAACu0/eTCORG8JKK4/s72-c/phpOhM5PuAM_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-595667786631899674</id><published>2012-02-12T18:01:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-12T18:01:41.571+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ελλάδα'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='οικονομία'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='πολιτική'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ΕΕ'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ελλάδα - ΕΕ = Γαλάτες - Ρωμαίοι;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-hiav92X3UbY/TzfiX9PD47I/AAAAAAAACuc/q03g80SvUkQ/s1600-h/255_vi10%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 9px 0px 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="255_vi10" border="0" alt="255_vi10" align="left" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-FHckSsFsiCU/TzfiZNsRGmI/AAAAAAAACuk/fbMEUi0FLLU/255_vi10_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="261" height="249"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-12]: Η Ελλάδα ετοιμάζεται να ψηφίσει νέα μέτρα. Λες και εφάρμοσε τα προηγούμενα… Οι ξένοι αναρρωτιούνται τι θα γίνει αν δεν ψηφίσουμε τα νέα μέτρα. Λες και μας έκαναν τίποτα που δεν εφαρμόσαμε τα προηγούμενα… Το γαλατικό χωριό με τους τρελούς Γαλάτες είναι η καλύτερη παρομοίωση για την Ελλάδα. Και οι ακόμα πιο τρελοί Ρωμαίοι που δεν καταφέρνουν ποτέ να πιάσουν τους Γαλάτες η καλύτερη παρομοίωση για τους Ευρωπαίους… Σε κάθε περίπτωση, πολύ καλό υλικό για ένα νέο κόμικ…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Φιλοσοφικά Τηλεγραφήματα - Φιλοσοφικός σχολιασμός της επικαιρότητας...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-595667786631899674?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/595667786631899674/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_49.html#comment-form' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/595667786631899674'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/595667786631899674'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/blog-post_49.html' title='Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Ελλάδα - ΕΕ = Γαλάτες - Ρωμαίοι;'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh5.ggpht.com/-FHckSsFsiCU/TzfiZNsRGmI/AAAAAAAACuk/fbMEUi0FLLU/s72-c/255_vi10_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-7540321945127449626</id><published>2012-02-12T03:07:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-12T03:07:24.600+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='censorship'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='stupidity'/><title type='text'>Philosophy Wire: Tintin, the trial and the oppression of Stupidity…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-pbx6jVD6Su4/TzcQxkpUnwI/AAAAAAAACuM/hqs3Ll74ues/s1600-h/665266-belgium-tintin-racism%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="665266-belgium-tintin-racism" border="0" alt="665266-belgium-tintin-racism" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-G6qoYyrmW_w/TzcQyQUtfgI/AAAAAAAACuU/Xx3ogwIi9y4/665266-belgium-tintin-racism_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="363" height="206"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Philosophy Wire by Spiros Kakos [2012-02-12]: Belgian court refused to ban 'Tintin in the Congo'. The trial had started because a person found the content of the comic as “racist” and asked for the ban of the book or for the placement of a warning message in the beginning of the comic which would explain the era context in which it was written [source: &lt;a href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jgGO-iiX8ALnMrv4xFInfUGMhAVg?docId=CNG.82f81476d0905df6b77f6197a470cbc9.671" target="_blank"&gt;AFP&lt;/a&gt;]. This is indeed a glorious day for thinking people of this planet. Everyone must understand that all literature, philosophy and in general all books are written in a specific era. And they are influenced by that era. Should we put a special “label warning” in the beginning of Plato in order for all the stupid people of this world to understand that his work was written 2,500 years ago? Spare me, please…&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;(c) Philosophy WIRES - Commenting world news from philosophy's perspective...&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/610424173932358639-7540321945127449626?l=harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/feeds/7540321945127449626/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-tintin-trial-and.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/7540321945127449626'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/610424173932358639/posts/default/7540321945127449626'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://harmonia-philosophica.blogspot.com/2012/02/philosophy-wire-tintin-trial-and.html' title='Philosophy Wire: Tintin, the trial and the oppression of Stupidity…'/><author><name>Spiros Kakos</name><uri>https://profiles.google.com/109265201054073278276</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ihVnKICJr_g/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAAAA/ihZjJsWI5_s/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://lh6.ggpht.com/-G6qoYyrmW_w/TzcQyQUtfgI/AAAAAAAACuU/Xx3ogwIi9y4/s72-c/665266-belgium-tintin-racism_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-610424173932358639.post-2664151478468196541</id><published>2012-02-12T03:06:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2012-02-12T03:06:17.735+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ηλιθιότητα'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='λογοκρισία'/><title type='text'>Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα: Τεν Τεν και η καταπίεση της ηλιθιότητας…</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: left" dir="ltr" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-3UsLfI3oa8s/TzcQhOOSbTI/AAAAAAAACt8/MMvQ7xv7mZQ/s1600-h/w460%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto 9px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="w460" border="0" alt="w460" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-T33C-wa_Tvw/TzcQh1M-GcI/AAAAAAAACuE/2U2URV-_ARQ/w460_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="359" height="248"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Φιλοσοφικό Τηλεγράφημα του Σπύρου Κάκου [2012-02-12]: Βελγικό δικαστήριο αρνήθηκε την απαγόρευση του κόμικ “Ο Τεν Τεν στο Κογκό”. Η δίκη είχε ξεκινήσει όταν κάποιος θεώρησε “ρατσιστικό” το περ
